The World and Everything in It: October 14, 2024

PREROLL: Good morning. It’s David Bahnsen. I love Mondays because I get to talk economics with you. We haven’t talked about the markets in several weeks, so I’m looking forward to doing that today in just a few minutes. Stay with us!

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Good morning! 

The Supreme Court takes up so-called “ghost guns.”

Today on Legal Docket, the argument is over whether a list of things is the actual thing itself. 

JUSTICE ALITO: Here's a blank pad, and here's a pen, all right? Is this a grocery list?

PRELOGAR: I don’t think that’s a grocery list.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Also today, the Monday Moneybeat. Of course David Bahnsen is standing by. I’ll ask him about the latest figures on consumer prices and what they mean.

And later, the WORLD History Book. Today the surprising reception of a 19th century Scottish novelist as he tours America.

AUDIO: The Americans discovered George McDonald on this trip as a sage, as here's one of the great voices of the 19th century.

REICHARD: It’s Monday, October 14th. This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Mary Reichard.

EICHER: And I’m Nick Eicher. Good morning!

REICHARD: Up next, Kent Covington with today’s news.

KENT COVINGTON, NEWS ANCHOR: Milton aftermath, Biden in Florida » Florida Governor Ron DeSantis is boosting relief efforts in the wake of Hurricane Milton by setting up fuel depots in Bradenton, Plant City, and Saint Petersburg. Florida Congressman Greg Steube says he fully supports the plan.

STEUBE:  It's really hard to run a chainsaw and do cleanup when you don't have fuel for that. Um, you've got a lot of gas stations that either don't have fuel or the ones that have fuel. You have huge long lines wrapped for miles to try to get in. So, I'm glad to see the state trying to bring some tanker trucks down to at least be able to get some fuel.

DeSantis also issued executive orders to loosen restrictions, allowing voters in hard-hit areas to cast their ballots for the upcoming presidential election.

President Biden, meantime, got a firsthand look Sunday at Hurricane Milton’s destruction. He arrived in Tampa Sunday and flew by helicopter to St. Pete Beach … where he met with first responders.

BIDEN:  This is all a team effort, folks. We made a big difference and it saved lives, but there's much more to do. We're going to do everything we can to get power back in your home, not only helping you recover, but to help you build back stronger.

He also announced more than $600 billion dollars in new projects to support communities impacted by Hurricanes Milton and Helene.

Helene recovery » And that road to recovery from Hurricane Helene will be a very long one in parts of North Carolina, including the city of Asheville where Katie Cornell, executive director, Arts AVL.

CORNELL:  The loss is devastating. An estimated 80 percent of the district is destroyed. For perspective, the River Arts District included 26 warehouses and was home to 300 artists.

As of Sunday, Asheville’s Water Resources Dept said up to 100,000 residents remain without running water.

And tens of thousands remain without power throughout the North Carolina mountains. 

Israel » Israel’s military has released footage of an Israeli officer giving reporters a tour of tunnels dug by the Hezbollah terror group in southern Lebanon to transport weapons.

OFFICER: Like anti-tank missiles, rifles, and military equipment to attack Israel and to cross the border.

The officer noted the entrance of one tunnel located the length of just two football fields from a United Nations base.

And as Israeli forces continue to target Hezbollah infrastructure in Lebanon, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is urging the UN to evacuate peacekeeping forces from combat areas.

NETANYAHU: Mr. Secretary General, get the UNIFIL forces out of harm's way. It should be done right now, immediately.

Meantime, the Pentagon says the United States will send a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense battery to Israel along with troops needed to operate it.

That comes as Iran has warned Washington to keep its military forces out of Israel with Israeli leaders readying an unspecified military response to Iran’s recent missile attack against Israel.

Presidential politics » Former President Donald Trump weighed in on the turmoil in the Middle East with just a few weeks left until Election Day. He said before he left office …

TRUMP: Iran was doing zero, almost zero business. And they were broke and ready to make a deal. Now they have 300 billion.

He accused the Biden-Harris administration of empowering Iran to carry out terrorist attacks, both directly and indirectly, against Israel and other targets.

Vice President Kamala Harris, meanwhile, preached politics from the pulpit at a North Carolina church on Sunday. She blasted Trump and others over their criticism the administration’s handling of hurricane relief efforts.

HARRIS:  Frankly, the motives are quite transparent to gain some advantage for themselves to play politics with other people's heartbreak.

VP nominees on the issues » Meantime, the candidate’s running mates sparred on the Sunday talk show circuit, each campaign accusing the other of making false claims on major hot button issues. Democratic vice presidential nominee, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz …

WALZ:  No one's coming for your guns. I continue to buy them. The vice president is a gun owner. So many of your viewers are, but they also are concerned that we don't need to see our children shot in schools.

Trump’s running mate, Ohio Sen. JD Vance says the former president is not pushing for new federal abortion rules.

VANCE:  President Trump recognizes that California is a different state from Alabama, which is a different state from Pennsylvania. We want the voters in these states to make these decisions. We're sick of the nationalized culture war over this topic, and I think the best way is to return it to the voters in the states.

Momentum in the race seems to have swung back in Donald Trump’s direction. He now has at least a small lead over Harris in almost every major swing state in the country except for Wisconsin with the last three polls there showing the race dead even.

SpaceX booster catch » SpaceX has pulled off the boldest test flight yet of its enormous Starship rocket. The company caught the returning booster back at the Texas launch pad with mechanical arms Sunday, shortly after liftoff. The reaction of one SpaceX announcer heard here …

SPACEX ANNCR: It is absolutely insane! On the first ever attempt, we have successfully caught the Super Heavy Beaster back at the launch shelter! What an incredible! Are you kidding me?

Towering almost 400 feet, the empty Starship blasted off from the southern tip of Texas. It arced over the Gulf of Mexico like the four Starships before it that ended up being destroyed. This latest demo successfully brought the first-stage booster back to land seven minutes after liftoff.

I’m Kent Covington. 

Straight ahead: the Supreme Court considers how to classify guns made from kits. Plus, the health of U.S. financial markets with David Bahnsen on the Monday Moneybeat.

This is The World and Everything in It.

NICK EICHER, HOST: It’s The World and Everything in It for this 14th day of October, 2024. We’re so glad you’ve joined us today. Good morning! I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard. It’s time for Legal Docket.

And today just as we’ve done for 11 years straight we begin covering all of the oral arguments this term of the U.S. Supreme Court! And our promise to you is if you listen each Monday now through June, you’ll hear something about everything.

EICHER: So, two are on the docket for today and the first one is that gun case Jenny Rough mentioned last week as one to watch.

REICHARD: It is. And it begins with a simple question, what is a gun?

The case starts there because the issue concerns so-called ghost guns. These are firearms assembled from parts purchased online. They’re popular with hobbyists, for sure.

But they are especially popular with criminals.

That’s because they lack serial numbers and therefore cannot be traced by traditional methods when discovered at a crime scene.

And they require no background checks to purchase, either.

EICHER: The backstory here is that law enforcement saw a huge uptick in ghost guns used in violent crimes. Court documents show that the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, had a dismal record in tracing unserialized firearms. Specifically, the ATF had a success rate of less than 1 percent for the five years between 2016 and 2021.

REICHARD: So, in 2022, ATF issued a rule that says federal laws governing the sale of firearms also apply to ghost guns.

Here’s what the Gun Control Act statute defines as a firearm: “any weapon which will or is designed to or may readily be converted” into a functional firearm.

ATF says a ghost gun fits that definition.

EICHER: But five parties including a maker of ghost guns sued ATF. They argue assorted parts do not constitute a weapon, as defined in the Gun Control Act. So the agency exceeded its authority in making a rule to include guns made from parts in a kit.

REICHARD: At the Supreme Court, their lawyer, Pete Patterson, referred to another case to make his point:

PETE PATTERSON: There definitely has been a sea change by the agency here. The agency projected that its rule would put 42 out of 43 unlicensed manufacturers out of business. And what the agency said in the Syracuse litigation was they said: "An unfinished frame or receiver does not meet the statutory definition of 'firearm' simply because it can be designed to or can readily be converted into a frame or receiver." That's the exact standard they've now adopted.

Therefore, he argued, precedent favors his client.

EICHER: On the other side, the Department of Justice for ATF. DOJ argues the rule simply requires kit makers to abide by the same rules as other commercial firearm makers and sellers.

Solicitor General Elizabeth Prelogar:

ELIZABETH PRELOGAR: The Gun Control Act imposes straightforward but essential requirements. Firearms sellers and manufacturers must mark their products with serial numbers, maintain sales records, and conduct background checks. The industry has followed those conditions without difficulty for more than half a century, and those basic requirements are crucial to solving gun crimes and keeping guns out of the hands of minors, felons, and domestic abusers.

REICHARD: Justice Clarence Thomas did a fact check on that:

JUSTICE THOMAS: You make a lot of the fact that this has been regulated for half a century. But it wasn't regulated in this way for a half century. What was the --the original reg, the previous reg?

Prelogar answered that ATF’s fundamental approach to defining “firearm” has not changed. It looks at different factors, like the time it takes to make it functional, the need for special tools, and the need to buy parts.

ATF consistently looks at how fast a frame or receiver can be made into a functioning gun.

EICHER: Here’s where court-watching gets entertaining: listening to the hypotheticals the justices and lawyers walk through.

First, Justice Samuel Alito:

JUSTICE ALITO: I want to stick with the definition of "weapon" for just a second.

PRELOGAR: Oh, sure.

ALITO: I'm going to show you. Here's a --here's a blank pad, and here's a pen, all right? Is this a grocery list?

PRELOGAR: I don't think that that's a grocery list, but the reason for that is because there are a lot of things you could use those products for to create something other than a grocery list.

Justice Amy Coney Barrett:

JUSTICE AMY CONEY BARRET: Would your answer change if you ordered it from HelloFresh and you got a kit, and it was like turkey chili, but all of the ingredients are in the kit?

PRELOGAR: Yes and I think that that presses on the --the more apt analogy here….

The goal here was to get at ordinary meaning. As in, how do we conceptualize a gun?

Are the parts of guns guns or are only fully intact guns guns? Here again is Elizabeth Prelogar:

PRELOGAR: Right. So I want to be very clear that we think that this is a matter of ordinary meaning that you don't need it to be a hundred percent complete. And that --I think that runs across the board. If I mentioned a bicycle, but it was missing pedals, as we explain in our brief, you would still recognize that for what it is, as a bicycle.

REICHARD: I heard more skepticism from the bench directed toward lawyer Patterson for the kit makers.

Now, this case bounced around in the lower courts a lot already and even got to the Supreme Court at one point. It previously struck down lower court decisions that blocked ATF’s ghost guns rule. Notably, Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Amy Coney Barrett joined the three liberal justices to let ATF enforce the rule.

But the lower court struck the rule down again, so now the full case is before the Supreme Court.

My educated guess is that the ATF is going to prevail here. But even if it does, whether and how to regulate 3-D printed guns that are also untraceable is undoubtedly the next puzzle to solve.

EICHER: Alright, onto our second case today. This one is designed to answer the question: Who pays the lawyers?

And like so many other court battles, it comes down to the meaning of a single phrase … in this case: “prevailing party.”

In this country, the general rule is win or lose, each party pays his or her own legal bill. Generally.

But there are a few exceptions, civil-rights litigation, for example. That’s so civil-rights plaintiffs have access to the judicial system to vindicate their rights. If they win—meaning if they are the “prevailing party” —then they get attorneys’ fees paid, in addition to whatever other relief a court grants.

REICHARD: Here are the facts of this case.

Five people in Virginia challenged a state law that automatically suspended their driver’s licenses because they had unpaid court fines. They argued that violated their due process rights, because they received neither notice nor a hearing.

EICHER: The trial court granted the plaintiff drivers a preliminary injunction. Judges can issue these after a hearing based on limited evidence. And the preliminary injunction stays in force until the court can make a final decision later on with full evidence.

REICHARD: And here’s where this one gets interesting. The state didn’t appeal the preliminary injunction, so the plaintiffs got their driver’s licenses back, which is what they really wanted.

Around this same time, the state legislature repealed that automatic suspension law.

So, the plaintiff drivers asked for attorney fees. After all, from their point of view, they’d won. They were the prevailing party.

But the state doesn’t want to pay the attorney’s fees. They want each side to pay its own legal expenses.

Brian Schmalzbach is lawyer for the drivers:

BRIAN SCHMALZBACH: The winner of an unreversed favorable judgment and tangible relief from the court is a prevailing party under Section 1988.

We do encourage the Court to consult those contemporaneous legal dictionaries which do say that the party in whose favor a judgment is awarded is a prevailing party. It does not require a final judgment.

EICHER: The drivers are asking, how are they not the prevailing party when they have their requested relief and that’s never been reversed?

But lawyer Erika Maley for Virginia says the exact opposite:

ERIKA MALEY: A preliminary injunction is neither a final judgment nor a determination that the defendant is liable on the merits for violating federal law. It is simply a threshold prediction of the likelihood of success.

The lawyers jousted with the legal tools of the trade: text, history, precedent, what other circuits have said about it, and common sense.

REICHARD: However the court decides, the implications are a big deal. If you know you have to pay the other side’s attorney fees if you lose, the incentives change dramatically. You’ll think hard about whether the fight is worth the risk. And federal courts in recent years have acted like preliminary injunctions are final decisions in many ways, so this needs to be clarified once and for all.

And that’s this week’s Legal Docket!

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Next up on The World and Everything in It: the Monday Moneybeat.

NICK EICHER, HOST: It’s time to talk business, markets, and the economy with financial analyst and adviser David Bahnsen. He’s head of the wealth management firm The Bahnsen Group and he’s here now.

David, good morning!

DAVID BAHNSEN: Well, good morning, Nick. Good to be with you.

EICHER: Well, David, since that big September interest rate cut of half a percentage point, we’ve not really talked about how it’d affect the markets, and now we’ve had a little time to see.

BAHNSEN: Well, the Dow made a new all-time high last week.

Prior to that, the market had been bouncing around a bit. There’s definitely been a fair amount of up days since the Fed rate cut, but some down days as well. The bond market has actually moved lower, and rates are higher since the Fed began cutting rates.

Some people think this is counterintuitive, but you’ve got to remember, there has been some strong economic data since the Fed cut rates—a very strong employment report.

The bond market is always, and forever, on the long end of the curve. Things like a 10-year bond are always trying to price in what they expect economic growth and inflation will be together. I believe that it’s not a surprise we’ve seen this movement, but I also believe that equity volatility will be around for quite a while.

EICHER: There were some new economic data points from last week on inflation, specifically both consumer and producer prices. You always look under the hood on those, David. When you look closely at the components of the consumer price and producer price indexes, what stands out? And begin with the CPI from September.

BAHNSEN: Yeah, it was interesting because energy prices came down a good deal, and food prices were up a little month-over-month.

The volatility in apparel was odd, as there wasn’t any particular reason that clothing prices would have gone higher on the month, but they did.

The inflation rate came down to 2.4 percent year-over-year. Now, the PPI - producer prices - which I think generally is a leading indicator for consumer prices, showed 0 percent movement month-over-month and is down to 1.8 percent inflation year-over-year. But that’s the total PPI.

When you look at non-processed intermediate goods, they are down 7 percent year-over-year. Processed intermediate goods are down, I believe, about 2-to-2.5 percent year-over-year. So there is outright deflation in certain parts of the producer prices.

The fly in the ointment for consumer prices continues to be shelter. I believe that’s largely related to bad data, as the way it’s measured doesn’t reflect the reality on the ground when it comes to rent prices.

Some disagree with me, but either way, to see a significant drop in the headline number, the housing market will likely need to decline. For a third of CPI to result in a 1 percent drop, it means you’d need a 3 percent decline in housing prices.

I think that’s coming, as the Fed eventually unthaws the housing market, and you start getting more transactions. That will eventually put downward pressure on prices—at least, that’s my outlook.

Overall, the CPI and PPI data last week showed numbers around where the Fed wanted them. I think they would have even liked them to be a bit cooler.

Notice that the futures market went from pricing in a good chance of more half-point cuts to now almost no chance of further half-point cuts, with a quarter-point cut in November and another quarter-point cut in December now being priced in.

So, the trajectory is still in place, just with a slower pace.

EICHER: The inflation narrative seems really to be driving a lot of dissatisfaction with the incumbent, which may explain why so much of the battle this time around is, “Who’s the incumbent?” That’s a staple Kamala Harris line, “I’m not Joe Biden.” But as you consider the economic climate, David, what do you see at the intersection between that and electoral politics here in the final weeks?

BAHNSEN: Well, because it’s so tight, I think almost everything has the potential for a marginal impact. Nothing is huge, and yet everything could marginally move the needle.

Kamala Harris announcing she wants a bipartisan coalition is kind of crass politics, but could it help a little with undecided voters? Maybe.

Elon Musk’s support for former President Trump—could that help marginally? Yes. But no, the vast majority of the economic narrative is already baked in.

If someone says, “I’m going to vote based on my assessment of the last few years in the economy,” they’re likely not voting for Harris. If someone says, “I want to vote based on who I thought did a better job with the economy,” they’re probably voting for Trump, simply based on a higher-level affinity for deregulation, tax cuts, and energy independence.

Job data being better, inflation being better—does it help a little for the incumbent candidate? Sure.

But I don’t think it will be meaningful. I think the bulk of the narratives are baked in, and it will probably be other issues that end up deciding this very close race in at least a handful of states.

EICHER: Ok, David Bahnsen is founder, managing partner, and chief investment officer of The Bahnsen Group.

If you aren’t subscribing to David’s regular market writing, you can find out more at DividendCafe.com. It’s free and you can receive it in your inbox. DividendCafe.com.

Thanks for your analysis this week, David, we’ll see you next time.

Have a great week!

BAHNSEN: Thanks so much, Nick.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Today is Monday, October 14th. Good morning! This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard.

Up next, the WORLD History Book. 19th century Scottish novelist, poet, and pastor George MacDonald was well known and respected in Victorian England. But when he arrived in Boston in 1872 for a lecture tour. He wasn’t quite sure what to expect from the rough and tumble Americans. Here’s WORLD correspondent Caleb Welde.

CALEB WELDE: In the fall of 1872 George MacDonald, his wife, and their oldest son arrive in America. They’re starting in Boston then on to Chicago and Montreal.

Forty-eight year old George MacDonald is a busy man. He’s dad to eleven kids and is a prolific author. He’s published eleven books.

TIMOTHY LARSEN: His novels often were about the journey of life.

Timothy Larsen is author of George MacDonald in the Age of Miracles.

LARSEN: People would say that I've modeled my life on this character that you wrote. That I too, have tried to find my way through on these issues, and I'm doing it the way they did it.

Shortly before coming to America, he published his latest book, a fairy tale: The Princess and Goblin.

In Boston, MacDonald receives a celebrity welcome. He meets Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and has lunch with Ralph Waldo Emerson the same day. Fifteen hundred people cram into Union Hall to hear his first lecture. A week later three thousand show up. Almost nine thousand pack in, in Philadelphia. MacDonald’s son remembers him being a bit nervous seeing that last crowd but insists, generally his dad is “utterly unselfconscious.”

A Boston journal says the talks are “Not eloquence or poetry, nor is there any straining for effect, but it is the man’s soul that captivates.”

LARSEN: MacDonald is always trying to bring in something edifying and elevating but he's not trying to preach a sermon. He's definitely trying to revel in great literature and make it an artistic literary event.

But he does have a habit of mixing in gospel inspired one-liners:

MACDONALD: The one principle of hell is– “I am my own.”

Or this one:

MACDONALD: It is by loving and not by being loved that one can come nearest to the soul of another.

Before the tour began, MacDonald’s manager worked out a rate of thirty dollars a lecture. But now he’s furious.

LARSEN: He was like, if you had just made clear what you were able to do in a lecture, I could have gotten a lot more money booking these gigs because the audience was so connected.

In New York City, a prominent fifth-avenue church offers MacDonald its pastorate with an annual salary of twenty thousand dollars. That’s more than half a million dollars today. MacDonald says thanks, but no thanks even though, behind the scenes, money is tight.

On January 3rd, he sends a hundred pounds back to England to his daughter Lily who is helping care for the other kids. He admits…

MACDONALD: I don’t expect that to last you long.

The same day, Mrs. MacDonald adds…

MRS. MACDONALD: Tell my Ronald boy, I’m always seeing books I want to buy him–but the bags of gold have failed us.

Their letters home are full of other things perhaps more precious than gold. Words like this from George MacDonald to his “darling Goose.” That’s Lily.

GEORGE MACDONALD: May you have as many happy birthdays in this world as will make you ready for the happier series of them afterwards, the first of which birthdays will be the one we call the day of death down here. But there is a better, grander, birthday than that, which we may have every day– every hour that we turn away from ourselves to the living love that makes our love.

For months MacDonald selflessly gives. And all the travel is taking a toll. Mrs. MacDonald begins having headaches and Mr. MacDonald’s tuberculosis flares up again.

On a bone-chilling January morning in Pennsylvania, Mrs. MacDonald writes a friend.

MRS. MACDONALD: We went on for two miles and suddenly stopped again.

She’s just gotten off a nineteen hour train ride that was supposed to be three.

MRS. MACDONALD: The locomotive to the passenger train in advance of us had become frozen and waterless…

Thick snow had caused a wreck on the tracks, and when the line was finally cleared at two thirty in the morning…

MRS. MACDONALD: And there we remained the whole of the cold, dark night with these wretched seats and wrecheder surroundings. Can he stand all this?

The next night, they get stuck again, with more cars off the line ahead of them. MacDonald says the sub-zero air feels like strong acid cutting his lungs.

MacDonald recovers and continues touring until May, when he decides it’s time to go home. His friends now include Mark Twain who is publicly skeptical of Christianity.

Once again, author Timothy Larsen:

LARSEN: It was an age where doubt seemed to loom very large in their imaginations, and McDonald said, You're asking the wrong question. The question is not, do you understand all these doctrines? The question is, have you discerned that Jesus Christ is good and worthy of your trust, and if so, then you should obey him. What it means to be a Christian is to follow Christ and to be obedient to Christ.

At a farewell dinner, MacDonald closes with these words.

GEORGE MACDONALD: Our hearts are larger and fuller for the love of so many more friends than we had before. Your big hearts, huge in hospitality and welcome, have been very tender with me and mine– so patient with my failures and short-comings.

MacDonald’s influence lasts—on both sides of the Atlantic. The great literary critic and Christian apologist G.K. Chesterton says this of The Princess and Goblin.

GUITE: Of all the stories I have read, It remains the most real, the most realistic, the most like life.

Audio here of Malcom Guite reading Chesterton at Wheaton College:

GUITE: When the evil things besieging us do appear, they do not appear outside, but inside.

Another of MacDonald’s novels—Phantastes—fell into the hands of an English atheist teenager. Only a few hours into the book, C.S. Lewis said he knew he had crossed a great frontier and that…

LEWIS: The true name of the quality which first met me in his books is Holiness. To speak plainly, I know hardly any other writer who seems to be closer, or more continuously close, to the Spirit of Christ Himself.

George MacDonald died in England at age eighty. In all he wrote more than thirty-five books. He’s probably most remembered for pioneering Christian fantasy stories. But he wrote that he wanted one thing for his audience from his writing, to see and experience the glory of God. That trust leads to obedience, and obedience leads to joy.

GEORGE MACDONALD: The one secret of life and development is not to devise and plan, but to fall in with the forces at work – to let the maker handle them as the potter his clay; they would ere long find themselves able to welcome every pressure of that hand upon them, even when it was felt in pain, and sometimes not only to believe but to recognize the divine end in view, the bringing of a Son into glory.

That’s this week’s WORLD History Book. My thanks to voice actors: Kim Rassmussen, Donna Leland, and John Gauger. I’m Caleb Welde.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Tomorrow: with back-to-back hurricanes bringing so much devastation, how are relief agencies managing all the demands?

We’ll have the latest on Israel and Iran. And, we’ll head to the American west following the trail of 19th century explorers Lewis and Clark. That and more tomorrow.

I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard.

The World and Everything in It comes to you from WORLD Radio. WORLD’s mission is Biblically objective journalism that informs, educates, and inspires.

The Psalmist writes: “Say among the nations, ‘The Lord reigns! Yes, the world is established; it shall never be moved; he will judge the peoples with equity.’” —Psalm 96:10

Go now in grace and peace.

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