The World and Everything in It - May 16, 2022

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Good morning!

The state of Oklahoma says it should be able to prosecute non-Indians who commit crimes on reservations. But one of its arguments didn’t sit well.

NICK EICHER, HOST: That’s ahead on Legal Docket.

Also today the Monday Moneybeat: new inflation numbers, more volatility in the markets, and the latest wrinkle on Elon Musk and Twitter saga.

Plus the WORLD History Book. Thirty years ago this week, Vice President Dan Quayle speaks at a campaign stop about family values.

REICHARD: It’s Monday, May 16th. This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Mary Reichard.

EICHER: And I’m Nick Eicher. Good morning!

REICHARD: Up next, Kent Covington with today’s news.

KENT COVINGTON, NEWS ANCHOR: Sweden, Finland move closer to joining NATO » Sweden's governing party on Sunday backed a plan to join the NATO alliance.

And just like officials from neighboring Finland, leaders in Sweden say Russia’s invasion of Ukraine changed their minds on joining NATO.

Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson…

ANDERSSON: The Kremlin has shown that they are prepared to use violence to achieve their political objectives. They put forward the unacceptable demands for appeasement and submission of peaceful and democratic neighbors.

She said her county’s 200-year policy of military neutrality has served Sweden well. But Moscow’s actions forced the change.

Meantime, in Finland, Prime Minister Sanna Marin said her country is one step closer to joining the alliance.

MARIN: We have reached today an important decision in good cooperation between the government and the president of the republic. We hope that the Parliament will confirm the decision to apply for NATO membership in the coming days.

Popular support among the Finnish public on joining NATO has shifted radically since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Members of the NATO alliance, including the United States, Canada, and much of Europe agree to defend one another against outside attacks.

NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg says the process for Finland and Sweden to join could be very quick.

Pro-abortion rights protesters rally in Washington » AUDIO: [Protest]

In Washington, pro-abortion rights activists gathered over the weekend, demanding that abortion remain legal nationwide.

Protesters listened to fiery speeches and then marched to the Supreme Court, which is now surrounded by security fencing.

That came three days after the Senate failed to muster enough votes to pass an abortion bill. That legislation that would have legalized abortion through nine months, all the way to the moment of birth.

All of this followed the leak of a Supreme Court draft ruling that would overturn the Roe v. Wade decision.

And Justice Clarence Thomas said the leak was an unthinkable breach of trust.

THOMAS: When you lose that trust, especially in the institution I’m in, it changes that institution fundamentally. You begin to look over your shoulder.

Speaking at a conference in Dallas, he said the leak was kind of like marital infidelity. You can explain it, but you can never undo it.

Authorities: 1 killed, 5 hurt in California church shooting » A gunman opened fire inside a Southern California church on Sunday, killing at least one person and seriously wounded four others.

Deputies arrested one person and recovered a weapon following the shooting at Geneva Presbyterian Church in the city of Laguna Woods.

All the victims were adults.

Federal agents are investigating. No word yet on a motive.

Supermarket shooter sought Black neighborhood, official says » Meanwhile, in Buffalo, New York, investigators say they do have a motive for a Saturday shooting at a supermarket that killed 10 people. They say the young white shooter targeted most of his victims because they were black.

Buffalo Police Commissioner Joseph Gramaglia:

GRAMAGLIA: The evidence that we have uncovered so far makes no mistake that this is an absolute racist hate crime. It will be prosecuted as a hate crime. This is someone who has hate in the heart, soul, and mind.

Officials say the 18-year-old suspect researched the local demographics, looking for places with a high concentration of black residents.

The gunman shot, in total, 13 people Saturday in a rampage that he live streamed on the internet. Two of the victims were white.

Police arrested the shooter, identified as Payton Gendron, at the scene. Erie County Sheriff John Garcia told reporters …

GARCIA: He’s on suicide watch. He’s on direct observation from our deputies, video surveillance. And he is in a unit which is separate from all other incarcerated individuals.

Police say Gendron had previously threatened a shooting at his high school last June. Officials brought him in for a mental health evaluation at that time before releasing him. 

Baby formula shortage persists » Many parents are still having trouble tracking down baby formula.

The tracking firm Datasembly says 43 percent of formula products are out of stock nationwide.

House speaker Nancy Pelosi said Sunday …

PELOSI: The president is quite correct. We must do something as quickly as possible, but as safely as possible and use caution for these babies. But we have to move quickly to do that. And part of this is, again, the supply chain issue.

The White House is fending off growing criticism that the Biden administration didn’t move quickly enough to address the problem. Republicans have pounced on the issue. Tennessee Sen. Marsha Blackburn.

BLACKBURN: You know, this just shows you how broken this administration is with this baby formula crisis.

President Biden said the problem is an urgent priority to his administration. On Friday, he announced an online resource to help parents find formula. The web address is HHS.gov/formula.

I’m Kent Covington. Straight ahead: prosecuting crime on reservations in Oklahoma.

Plus, a prayer rally at the Lincoln Memorial.

This is The World and Everything in It.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: It’s Monday, May 16th, 2022 and a brand new work week for The World and Everything in It. Good morning! I’m Mary Reichard.

NICK EICHER, HOST: And I’m Nick Eicher. It’s time for Legal Docket.

The subterfuge behind the leak of a draft opinion that if final would overturn Roe v Wade remains in the news.

On Friday in Dallas—in an interview with a former law clerk of his—Justice Clarence Thomas said the leak has done grave damage to the court. This is an extended comment. Let’s listen.

THOMAS: If someone said that one line of one opinion would be leaked by anyone, and you would say that, ‘Oh, that's impossible. No one would ever do that.’ It was beyond … anyone's imagination that someone would do that. And look where we are: Where now that trust or that belief is gone forever. … And when you lose that trust, especially in the institution that I'm in, it changes the institution fundamentally. You begin to look over your shoulder, it's like kind of an infidelity. …Anybody who would, for example, have an attitude to leak documents. That general attitude is your future on the bench. And you need to be concerned about that. And we never had that before. We actually trusted— it was— we may have been a dysfunctional family, but we were a family.

REICHARD: Well, on to oral arguments. Two of them today.

The first one I’ll make quick work of. The court heard argument back in March. It deals with how much a health benefit plan reimburses for dialysis treatments.

The case involves the health care company Davita, it’s the leading provider of dialysis in the country. Davita argues that the health benefit plan that Marietta Memorial Hospital provides for its employees violates Medicare rules. The reason is that it reimburses Davita at the lowest level relative to all other providers of medical treatments.

Federal law does not allow health plans to treat people with kidney failure any differently in terms of benefits.

Listen to Justice Elena Kagan address the lawyer representing the health plan:

KAGAN: I mean, we could go down a list of these kinds of diseases with these kinds of treatments that are always necessary for that disease and only used for people with that disease. You know, we can -- we can do diabetes Type I and insulin, or we could do antiretrovirals and AIDS. And these are -- you know, you understand why people don't want to pay for these things. They're expensive. But isn't that exactly what Congress was trying to do? It's saying stop trying to get out of paying for the only treatment that is appropriate for a particular disease.

The tenor of the justices’ questions and the fact the court took this case in the first place leads me to think Davita will win the case.

EICHER: Next, a case touching the relationship among Native Americans, the federal government, and state governments.

It’s peculiar and complicated, a relationship that goes back to the founding of this nation, and it’s replete with broken promises.

One area of great confusion has to do with who has jurisdiction to prosecute crimes that happen in Indian territory.

Jurisdiction, meaning the power to adjudicate cases and issue orders. When a crime happens on a reservation, is that a matter for tribal governments to handle? Or the state where the reservation lies? Or is it the federal government that handles it?

Or maybe some combination of all three?

REICHARD: A decision of the Supreme Court two years ago upended years of practice. Used to be, both state and federal governments could prosecute crimes involving non-Indians on Indian land. Until, that is, a bombshell, 5-4 ruling in McGirt v Oklahoma. Literally overnight, the legal status of half the state and a million Oklahomans changed. They found out they are now living on an Indian reservation. That includes 400,000 people living in the state’s second biggest city, Tulsa.

The implications are enormous and even now far from sorted out.

EICHER: The legal question in this case is whether the state of Oklahoma had jurisdiction to prosecute a man named Victor Manuel Castro-Huerta, a non-Indian. The state prosecuted Castro-Huerta for extreme neglect of a Native American child on the Cherokee Reservation. He received a sentence of 35 years for his shocking level of neglect.

But now he argues Oklahoma lacked jurisdiction to prosecute him—because the crime happened on Native lands.

REICHARD: Arguing on behalf of Oklahoma to uphold the state conviction, Kannon Shanmugam. Because the victim is Native American, he argued, the state can prosecute Castro-Huerta, if only for the sake of expediency:

SHANMUGAM: This is an extraordinary situation, I think, unlike any situation in recent history where what's going on right now in Oklahoma is a giant law enforcement experiment. You have half -- almost half of an American state now, at least as to this category of crimes, under the exclusive criminal jurisdiction of the federal government, and the federal government is failing in that task.

He went on to note that a lot of perpetrators are escaping prosecution since the McGirt decision.

Justice Samuel Alito picked up on that practical aspect. He questioned just how committed the federal government is to prosecuting crimes in Indian country. Alito wanted to know: How does this help Indian victims?

ALITO: Is it -- is it a sustainable situation? Is the federal government going to be able to provide enough federal agents, enough federal prosecutors, enough federal judges, enough federal courtrooms, enough federal probation officers, to handle the caseload that was previously handled by state law enforcement?

In response, Deputy Solicitor General Edwin Kneedler for the federal government in support of Castro-Huerta. He could only point to what resources the Department of Justice had already provided.

KNEEDLER: But I think we have to assume Congress will live up to the responsibilities that -- to enable the Justice Department to do everything that is necessary. It -- it is prosecuting major crimes and violent crimes. It is prioritizing that, as it necessarily must. And as they -- as things hit their stride, then some of the less serious crimes will be prosecuted. It's not like they’ve been dropped. They're in the queue to be prosecuted as time comes along.

Yet Kneedler had to admit that the resources provided so far depend upon funding and are temporary.

Against that backdrop of unprosecuted crime, the justices turned to the legal question before them.

Chief Justice John Roberts homed in on the meaning of another federal law called the General Crimes Act—and specifically the question of whether it supersedes state law to prosecute criminal activity in Indian lands.

ROBERTS: Counsel, if I could just -- I don't think we've gotten to the critical language in the statute yet, and, of course, in the General Crimes Act, this is what the language says: "Except as otherwise provided by law, the general laws of the United States as to the punishment of offenses committed in any place within the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, except D.C., shall extend to the Indian country.” Now, as I read that, that's taking a body of law, the laws that apply in places within the sole and exclusive jurisdiction, and say that that extends to Indian country. Now where do you get any notion of the preemption of state jurisdiction in that?

Preemption, a legal doctrine that allows a higher level of government to limit or even eliminate the power of a lower level of government. It’s based on what we know as the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution. That says federal law is supreme over state law, that even when the laws conflict, it preempts state law.

The Chief Justice wondered why Congress didn’t clearly say it intended to preempt state laws, if that’s what it meant.

One wrinkle argued by Shanmugam (lawyer for Oklahoma) is this: Yes, it’s true that in a previous high court decision the court did say that the General Crimes Act preempts state prosecutions, but it said so as “dicta.”

Dicta is a legal term meaning a comment or suggestion made by a justice in an opinion that isn’t necessary to resolve the case. In other words, words that are not legally binding.

But the liberal leaning justices didn’t buy that argument. Here’s Justice Elena Kagan:

KAGAN: Well, I don't know if you get to talk about precedent, you know, because you're up here and six times we have said the exact opposite of your position. And you say, well, it's dicta. But it's not normal dicta. It's -- it's in six cases this Court has laid down the jurisdictional rules and has specifically rejected your position. So, you know, in terms of what this Court has said, I'm sorry, but this Court has -- has indicated six times that you're wrong. You know, you're asking us to do a big lift on the basis of language that, as I say seems to me more naturally read against you.

Justice Neil Gorsuch weighed in most heavily in the end. He wrote that 2020 McGirt decision, joined by the four liberals on the court at the time that included Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

Justice Gorsuch pointed to treaties the federal government made with Native Americans. Listen to this exchange with Zachary Schauf, attorney for Castro-Huerta, the non-Indian criminal defendant:

GORSUCH: Do you think the preemption analysis is affected by treaty promises?

SCHAUF: I do think the preemption analysis is affected by treaty promises. And, you know, one other place you could start this case is the treaty promise to the Cherokee Nation that it would be under the protection of the federal government and no other sovereign whatsoever. You could add the promise that the federal government is going to be the one to protect Indians from crimes by non-Indians. And you could take the promise that Cherokee lands would not be included within state jurisdiction without Cherokee consent. And I think, when you put that set of treaty promises together, the only understanding you can have is that they expected the federal government alone to prosecute these types of crimes. And so, if you've got an available reading of the statute that vindicates rather than breaks those treaty promises, I think you take that reading of the statute.

It’s my educated guess that Justices Roberts and Alito will side with Oklahoma and Justice Gorsuch with the defendant.

The others? A toss up. Meanwhile, things in Oklahoma will stay muddled.

On another note: this argument is the last one to be argued this term.

And that marked the final argument with retiring Justice Stephen Breyer on the bench.

Chief Justice Roberts paid him an emotional tribute.

I want to play it in its entirety:

ROBERTS: And now, as many of you may know, uh, Justice Breyer has announced his retirement from the court, effective when we rise from the summer recess. That means that the oral argument that we have just concluded is the last the court will hear with Justice Breyer on the bench. For 28 years, this has been his arena for remarks profound and moving, questions challenging and insightful, and hypotheticals downright silly. This sitting alone has brought radioactive muskrats and John the Tigerman. Now, at the appropriate time, we will in accordance with tradition and practice read and enter into the record an exchange of letters between the court and Justice Breyer marking his retirement. For now, we leave the courtroom with deep appreciation for the privilege of sharing this bench with him. 

BREYER: Thank you. [Gavel]

Farewell, Justice Breyer, and I wish you a very happy retirement.

I’ve said it before, but I’m going to miss you. You and your loveable hypotheticals. Contra the chief, I don’t think they’re silly at all.

That’s this week’s Legal Docket.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Next up on The World and Everything in It: the Monday Moneybeat.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Time now for our regular conversation on business, markets, and the economy. Financial analyst and adviser David Bahnsen is on the line. Good morning.

DAVID BAHNSEN, GUEST: Good morning, Nick, good to be with you.

EICHER: Alright well now six consecutive weeks with the markets in decline.

This time all three of the major indexes finished with losses of at least 2 percent: the S&P 500 off 2.4 percent, the Nasdaq down 2.8, the Dow dropped 2.1.

The Wall Street Journal called last week in the markets “brutal.”

BAHNSEN: Yeah, I mean, the markets were up really big on Friday. And they had been down quite a bit on some other days in the week. It was, though, definitely once again weak—focused on hitting crypto and hitting technology and hitting small cap and NASDAQ. And so you really kind of have a very punishing market right now for the more excessively risky and volatile areas of the market.

The most interesting thing in the markets this week was not ongoing equity volatility. I think that's kind of a broken record, in that we realize markets are adjusting around kind of a normalization of monetary policy. But bond yields came down this week, and they came down quite a bit.

The 10-year at one point had gotten to 3.3%, which, by the way, is where it peaked in 2018, when the Fed was raising rates. I don't know if that ‘mid threes’ will prove to be the high or not. I'd very strongly suspect it could be. But if the 10-year ends up settling in this 2.5 to 3% range, through the Fed activity, then I really believe you have to conclude that once again, the bond market is saying they just don't believe it, and that the larger threat we face is weak economic growth and debt deflation a-la Japan, not 10 years of inflation. And I think as listeners know, that's very much the camp I'm in as well.

EICHER: Right, but let’s stay on inflation, then. Because we did receive a new inflation number last week—speaking of broken records—the Consumer Price Index for April shows prices up 8.3 percent versus last April.

And maybe it’s a stretch to call it good news—the 8.3 number is less than the March number at 8.5—but I’ll ask anyway: Do you think inflation has peaked?

BAHNSEN: Yeah, I believe that that's the case. But let's be clear what that means. It doesn't mean that then all of a sudden, you don't have inflation; it means that the rate of growth of inflation begins to come down. And so I think that with goods inflation, as we unpack the numbers in both the CPI, the consumer price index, and the PPI, the Producer Price Index, I think that it's very likely that that is the case, that the rate of growth of inflation will begin to drop.

But to get to a point where it begins to feel less significant, I think it has to drop a lot. And I used to hold out hope that would be by early to mid summer. And I think it's going to be more later into the year. The China shutdown in Shanghai and Beijing on this silly COVID stuff has really actually hurt the cause of ongoing supply chain relief. Potential union negotiations of the ports in the West Coast, it's 29 ports that could have as many as 20 something thousand employees not going back to work or having reduced hours. On the margin, all of those things continue to exacerbate the issues that are most causing problems with prices.

EICHER: Before we go, one last thing: I’ve been so intrigued watching the Elon Musk drama with respect to Twitter and last week we saw Musk pumping the brakes on his acquisition. Evidently he’s wanting to know more about how widespread on Twitter fake accounts are—just how many artificial-intelligence bots are there—versus the 5 percent that we hear about. Musk tweeted over the weekend: “The bots are angry at being counted” and added a laughing emoji. This guy is very entertaining.

How do you read this? Is the deal off?

BAHNSEN: Yeah, the Elon Musk/Twitter thing is fascinating because there's a lot of speculation as to whether or not he really wants to close the deal. And when you see a deal that is allegedly being done at $54 a share and a stock trading way below 54, that only means one thing, Nick: It’s somebody not believing the deal is going to happen. It's the market pricing in the possibility of it not happening.

Musk tweeted Friday morning the deal being on hold and the stock, at one point, pre market, was down 25% - back down into the 30s. He then subsequently tweeted, ‘I'm still committed to the deal’ and the stock came back up, but it's still trading well below the supposed price that he’s going to be buying the company.

So I've thought all along that it's a great thing to bring Twitter private, to have someone who wants to reform the things that are wrong with it reformed. I do fear that sometimes the right is a little too quick to try to make heroes out of people that are not really necessarily on their side. But I understand in this case, you know, the enemy of your enemy sometimes feels like your friend. And Musk is a pioneer, a really fascinating guy in a lot of ways. But um, you know, he can't just get out of this deal so simply. Twitter disclosed their study had been that less than 5% of users were fake, were bots, were spam accounts. And he said he wanted to see that data. I kind of have a hard time believing he hasn't seen it yet. But whatever the case, they're doing more process there.

But for any reason at all, if he gets out of the deal, he does have to pay a billion dollars. But that billion dollars does not just mean he can get out of the deal. He has to give a billion dollars and have a legally compelling reason that the contract was violated, that there was fraud or issues, you know, that were wrongly disclosed. This is a binding deal. And so it's both a billion dollars and being able to say, ‘look, there were material facts that changed’ that could get him out. So I think he's pretty well stuck into this, but obviously him hemming and hawing Friday has market people concerned. Ultimately, I don't know exactly what his end run is. Let’s just say that if I had Musk's balance sheet, which I do not, I would not be buying Twitter with it.

EICHER: Right, not many of us do. And let the record show there’s zero need for me to clarify that point!

David Bahnsen, financial analyst and advisor, head of the financial planning firm The Bahnsen Group. He writes at DividendCafe.com. David, thanks.

BAHNSEN: Thanks so much, Nick.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Today is Monday, May 16th. Good morning! This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Mary Reichard.

NICK EICHER, HOST: And I’m Nick Eicher. Next up the WORLD History Book.

This week marks the anniversary of an international treaty that’s out of this world.

Plus an American vice president takes on TV and family values.

But first, 65 years ago, demonstrators gather at the Lincoln Memorial to pray.

Here’s our executive producer Paul Butler.

OPENING MUSIC FROM A TIME FOR FREEDOM

PAUL BUTLER, EXECUTIVE PRODUCER: It’s May 17th, 1957. The weather in Washington D.C. is cloudy. Temperatures are in the 60s. Good conditions for the nearly 25,000 demonstrators who arrive by bus and train for the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom. The gathering marks the third anniversary of the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education—desegregating schools.

Sound here from the 1957 film A Time for Freedom—courtesy of the Library of Congress.

NARRATOR: Today the city of Washington takes notice. Our leaders: A. Phillip Randolf, Ray Wilkins, Reverend King receive the keys to the city…

Three months earlier, Martin Luther King, Jr. and members of the newly formed Southern Leaders Conference sent a telegram to Dwight Eisenhower’s administration. They asked the president to publicly condemn those who refused to fully comply with the Brown decision.

The telegram warned that if he did not, they would lead a demonstration “in order to call the nation’s attention to the violence and organized terror directed toward [those] who merely seek freedom.”

ATTENDEE: I feel that this pilgrimage will show Congress that we are tired of being second-class citizens. Our people have come from all parts of the nation to impress Congress that we want the Civil Rights legislation passed in this session.

The three hour event at the Lincoln Memorial featured speeches and prayers from Civil Rights leaders, politicians, and ministers. Pastor Thomas Kilgore Jr. of Friendship Baptist Church led the attendees in a corporate prayer for peace:

REV KILGORE: It is a good thing to gather in this hallowed place, to give thanks unto the Lord. Lift up your hearts. Bless all people everywhere. And so turn the hearts of men toward each other that inequalities and injustices may disappear and the spirit of brotherhood may dwell among us.

As one of the earliest national peaceful protest Civil Rights events, the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom solidified the young movement in America. While it didn’t lead to any immediate legislative action, it laid the groundwork for future marches on the nation's capital.

Next, 55 years ago this week—May 19th, 1967—the Soviet Union ratifies a space treaty with Britain and the United States:

PATHE NEWSREEL: Meanwhile, the foreign minister presided at the signing of the treaty banning nuclear weapons from outer space. Without such a treaty, life on Earth would be under continual threat. A nightmare existence.

The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 outlines international guidelines for space exploration—including a prohibition on placing “weapons of mass destruction in orbit, on the Moon, or on other bodies in space.” Further, the treaty asserts that space exploration “shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries.” It prohibits national appropriation, promotes cooperation and communication, and elevates astronauts as “envoys of mankind.” More than one hundred countries have ratified the treaty to date.

And finally today, we end with a memorable speech from U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle. In April 1992, the Los Angeles riots killed more than 60 people, injured 2,000 others, and police arrested more than 7,000 protestors.

On May 19th, Vice President Quayle addressed the Commonwealth Club of California on a campaign stop. He acknowledged the history of racism and empathized with those hurt by the not-guilty verdict that sparked the riots. But he refused to excuse the violence as an acceptable solution. In his speech he pointed to the break-down of the family as the root cause for “lawless social anarchy.”

The speech outlined how government welfare had hurt the African American family more than it helped. It was pretty standard fare for a campaign speech. But then Quayle added this toward the end of the address—making it one of the most talked about speeches of his political career:

DAN QUAYLE: It doesn’t help matters when primetime TV has Murphy Brown, a character who supposedly epitomizes today’s intelligent, highly paid professional woman, mocking the importance of fathers by bearing a child alone and calling it just another lifestyle choice.

That short comment soon overshadowed the rest of the speech. A few months later, Candice Bergen, the fictional Murphy Brown responded through the sitcom:

MURPHY BROWN: These are difficult times for our country and in searching for the cause of our social ills we could choose to blame the media, or the Congress, or an administration that has been in power for 12 years…or we could blame me (LAUGHTER).

Vice President Quayle didn’t actually blame Murphy Brown—he pointed to her fictional character as an illustration of societal views on fatherhood. Views that needed to change. But that was lost in most of the coverage.

The over-blown conflict made for great TV ratings. But a few years ago Candice Bergen admitted that she actually agreed with Quayle’s larger point—that fathers are important and necessary for a healthy society.

That’s this week’s WORLD History Book. I’m Paul Butler.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Tomorrow: shortages of baby formula. We’ll tell you what’s causing them and how parents are coping.

And, helping the most vulnerable. We’ll meet a woman who once needed help herself but now helps others.

That and more tomorrow.

I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard.

The World and Everything in It comes to you from WORLD Radio.

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The Bible says: Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you. (Eph 4:32 ESV)

Go now in grace and peace.

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