The World and Everything in It: March 7, 2024

PREROLL: The World and Everything in It is made possible by listeners like us. Hi, I'm Mary Norton and I live in Cincinnati, Ohio. I am so thankful for Johnny Franklin's daughter who serves as our pastor's wife. I know we’ll be informed, educated, and inspired by today's program.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Good morning! Nikki Haley drops out after her Republican rival wins big.

NIKKI HALEY: It is now up to Donald Trump to earn the votes of those in our party and beyond it who did not support him.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Also the wildfires in Texas have climate change written all over them. Or… do they? And music and AI. Entertainment without soul, or is it in the ear of the beholder? And WORLD commentator Cal Thomas on telling the truth.

REICHARD: It’s Thursday, March 7th. This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Mary Reichard.

BROWN: And I’m Myrna Brown. Good morning!

REICHARD: Up next, Kent Covington with today’s news.

KENT COVINGTON, NEWS ANCHOR: State of the Union preview » President Biden is preparing to deliver his third State of the Union address today. White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said the president will highlight his accomplishments and lay out his vision for the future.

PIERRE: Looking at what President Biden faced when he came into office and where we are now, it is clear he’s gotten more done in the first three years than most presidents accomplish in two terms.

But Republicans have a different view of his presidency. House Majority Whip Tom Emmer:

EMMER: From the southern border to the economy to foreign policy, the facts are quite clear. Joe Biden has failed on every single issue. Our state of the union has been defined by unprecedented chaos thanks to this administration’s failed policies.

The president will address the nation from the House chamber at 8pm Eastern tonight.

Alabama Sen. Katie Britt will deliver the Republican response.

Haley, Trump/Biden » Donald Trump is wasting no time shifting into general election mode. On Wednesday, he challenged President Biden to a debate “ANYTIME, ANYWHERE, ANYPLACE.”

That came just hours after Nikki Haley made this announcement:

HALEY: The time has now come to suspend my campaign.

She congratulated Trump but did not endorse him. Instead she challenged him to earn the votes of her supporters.

But some Republicans are turning up pressure on Haley to throw her support behind Trump. Republican Congressman Mark Alford:

ALFORD: She needs to go a step further. She needs to endorse President Trump. She promised to endorse and get behind the eventual nominee.

House Republican Conference Chair Elise Stefanik was also among those calling on Haley to endorse the presumptive nominee.

House passes package of spending bills » The House passed a $460 billion package of spending bills Wednesday that would keep the lights on at key federal agencies through the rest of the budget year.

AUDIO: On this vote, the yeas are 339. The nays are 85. The resolution is agreed to.

Most of those “no” votes were from Republican members, who said the bill doesn’t address Washington’s spending problem. But Speaker Mike Johnson said GOP members have to be realistic about what they can achieve in a divided chamber.

JOHNSON: We are not going to get everything that we want. We want to cut spending. We want to limit the size and scope of the federal government. The reality right now is that we have a divided government. We have a 2-vote majority, one of the smallest in history.

The Senate is expected to take up the legislation before a midnight Friday shutdown deadline.

Jerome Powell on interest rates » Federal Reserve Board Chairman Jerome Powell says the board will likely cut rates relatively soon, but not yet. He told a House committee:

POWELL: Reducing policy restraint too soon or too much, could result in a reversal of progress we’ve seen in inflation and ultimately require even tighter policy to get inflation back to 2 percent.

The current inflation rate is just over 3 percent.

On the flip side, he said reducing rates too late or too little could unduly hurt the economy. So those cuts will likely come at some point this year.

A key measure the Fed watches closely indicated that inflation sped up in January by nearly one half of one percent.

Houthi attacks/deaths » At least three civilians are dead after Houthi rebels attacked another commercial vessel on Wednesday in the Gulf of Aden.

They’re the first civilian deaths reported since the Iran-backed terror group began attacking vessels along Middle Eastern shipping routes last November.

State Department spokesman Matthew Miller called the casualties inevitable.

Miller: The Houthis have continued to launch these reckless attacks with no regard for the wellbeing of innocent civilians… we will continue to hold them accountable, and we call on governments around the world to do the same.

The Yemen-based rebels claimed responsibility for the attack, and said they won’t stop until the conflict in Gaza ends.

Pastor Cao released » A missionary has been released from a Chinese jail after years behind bars. WORLD’s Kristen Flavin reports.

KRISTEN FLAVIN: Pastor John Cao is finally free after completing a 7-year sentence.

Chinese authorities arrested Cao and his colleague in 2017 and charged them with illegally crossing the border between Myanmar and China.

Cao served as a missionary in Myanmar for four years before he was arrested and regularly crossed the border as part of his work.

A UN watchdog group in 2019 concluded that he was wrongfully imprisoned because of his faith.

The pastor is married to an American woman and is a permanent resident of North Carolina.

For WORLD, I’m Kristen Flavin.

Haiti gangs » As the government of Haiti teeters on the brink of collapse the UN’s high commissioner for human rights is calling for the international community to step in and help.

Volker Turk is calling for a multinational security support mission to restore order to the country.

TURK: There is no realistic alternative available to protect lives. We are simply running out of time.

Schools and businesses in Port-au-Prince have been closed after authorities say gangs seized control of more than 80 percent of the capital.

I’m Kent Covington.

Straight ahead: What results on Super Tuesday say about the Republican party. Plus, artificial intelligence in music.

This is The World and Everything in It.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: It’s Thursday the seventh of March, 2024.

Glad to have you along for today’s edition of The World and Everything in It. Good morning, I’m Myrna Brown.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard.

First up: aftershocks from Super Tuesday.

As you just heard, Nikki Haley suspended her presidential campaign yesterday. Rather than endorsing Donald Trump, she gave him a challenge.

NIKKI HALEY: It is now up to Donald Trump to earn the votes of those in our party and beyond it who did not support him. And I hope he does that.

BROWN: With Democrat Dean Phillips also ending his campaign, primary season is effectively over…and the rematch between Donald Trump and Joe Biden is on.

Meanwhile, several states held primaries for Senate races, including an interesting one in California.

REICHARD: Joining us now to talk about these results is Hunter Baker. He’s an author, Provost of North Greenville University in South Carolina, and a regular contributor to World Opinions.

Hunter, good morning.

HUNTER BAKER: Good morning.

REICHARD: Well, what do the results tell you about the demographic Haley attracted, and what they’ll do come November?

BAKER: Well, there's always sort of two Republican parties. There was a more moderate Republican party that was sort of a, maybe a Nixon, Rockefeller, Ford kind of a party that was overtaken by Ronald Reagan, who introduced a new type of republicanism that was more aggressive on the Cold War, that was more aggressive on cutting taxes, wanted smaller government, things like that. It also introduced social conservatism of the type that brought many evangelicals on board. And now there is still another turn toward a Trump GOP. It is far more nationalistic, it would be far more cautious about getting involved in adventures abroad, it is much less of a free trade party. But in all of these examples, there still remains a group that typically tends to identify more with maybe the previous iteration, or that just has some different sensibilities, and Nikki Haley was able to kind of effectively tap into that group that had not really bought into the Trump revolution. But that group was not numerous enough to bring her anywhere close to the nomination.

BROWN: You know, it's interesting that Nikki Haley suspended her campaign rather than simply ending it. And that is a legal difference. That means she could jump back in if something happens to Trump, either legally or otherwise between now and the Republican convention. But even if something like that happened, do you think Trump Republicans would get behind Haley?

BAKER: I don't know. It seems unlikely at this point. You know, right now, his dominance in the party is so powerful that it's difficult to imagine anything else, you know, and of course, it's it's interesting to contrast that to Biden. I mean, Biden is also winning by blowout numbers, you know, even though he has some opposition, but the Democrats generally you could imagine them turning from Biden much more easily than you could imagine the Republicans at this point turning from Trump.

REICHARD: Well, let’s talk about Senate races. 34 seats up for election, 24 held by Democrats. One race that attracted a lot of attention is in California with the race to fill the seat of the late Dianne Feinstein. That state has what’s called a “jungle primary,” meaning that all candidates are on the same ballot regardless of party. Many expected to see two Democrats win and face off in November, but that didn’t happen.

BAKER: No, it did not. First of all, I just want to note that the Republican was Steve Garvey, hero of my youth, first baseman for the Los Angeles Dodgers, and then for the San Diego Padres. So he, he is very famous within the state. But I don't think that's why he won. I think that the reason that he was able to get into the general election with Adam Schiff is Adam Schiff. Adam Schiff had tremendous resources. And he did everything he could to boost Steve Garvey. And the reason for that is obvious. A Republican has not won statewide in California in a very, very long time. So I think that what Schiff is calculating is that if he had faced one of the other Democrats, he might lose. But he knew that if he faced Steve Garvey, he was almost guaranteed to win. And so he helped to make that happen.

BROWN: Well, that's speaks to another trend. Democrats are spending big ad money to raise the profiles of unconventional Republicans to push out moderate Republicans or Democrat challengers. What do you make of this strategy and how it's working so far?

BAKER: You know, that strategy of boosting unconventional Republicans, I think, really worked for Democrats in 2022. They were able to eke out some victories where they might otherwise have had losses, and they definitely blunted that red wave that everybody was talking about in 2022. And so I think that they are going to continue to do that unless they begin to perceive the MAGA coalition as a more dangerous coalition. Now, that might happen this year. Donald Trump is leading Joe Biden in many polls. In 2020, I don't know that he ever led him. And and I don't think that he ever led Hillary in any of the polls back in 2016, either. So the fact that he's actually leading in many of these polls, to me indicates that he may well win. I mean, he has a very good chance to win. And if that's the case, will he have coattails? Will he bring in other Republicans including some of his candidates with him?

REICHARD: Ok, final question: any other takeaways from the results on Super Tuesday?

BAKER: Yeah. Nikki Haley. We'll see what happens with her. I mean, you're talking about a candidate who I would would have said has a super promising future. And now she has kind of ended up in the same position that Ted Cruz was in in 2016. He was basically telling his followers, vote your conscience. He was not he was not giving a ringing endorsement of Donald Trump. And she is likewise not doing that. Basically, she's saying, you know, Donald Trump needs to earn the support of my voters. And so she is kind of standing back. We'll see as we get closer to the election if she decides to, to give more of an endorsement.

BROWN: Hunter Baker is an author and Provost of North Greenville University as well as a regular contributor to World Opinions. Hunter, thanks again!

BAKER: Thank you.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Coming up next on The World and Everything in It: Wildfires and climate change.

The Smokehouse Creek fire in the Texas Panhandle is now the largest in recorded state history and among the biggest in recent U.S. history. The fire has consumed more than one million acres of cattle country and is about 44% contained. Thousands of cattle are dead, and two people have lost their lives as of Wednesday.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Well, not long after the wildfire made national headlines, explanations for why the blaze was so bad came fast and furious as in these reports from ABC affiliate WFAA and CNN.

WFAA: The climate changes we’re experiencing are quite demonstrably making wildfires worse and harder to control.

CNN: We are seeing an increase in bad wildfires, and that is, for us, a clear sign of climate change.

REICHARD: So is climate change to blame, or is there more to it than that?

Well, joining us now to talk about it is David Legates. He’s director of Research and Education at the Cornwall Alliance, and previously served as a member of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

David, Good morning.

DAVID LEGATES: Good morning.

REICHARD: Well, let’s just start with the weather, shall we? What conditions led to this fire?

LEGATES: Well, we had a lot of rain last year, which particularly towards the end of the year caused the grasslands to grow quite a bit. Then over the winter, they go dormant. Effectively, then what you have is hay on the ground and a spark coupled with a lot of high winds, fire gets whipped up, and all of a sudden, the Texas panhandle is on fire.

REICHARD: Based on all that then, do you think this fire was preventable…or do wildfires just come with the terrain?

LEGATES: Well, it's a combination of factors. It could have been preventable. We don't know how it started. But it comes with the terrain. I mean, you know, we can start fires naturally from lightning strikes, for example. And fire is a natural process that occurs in the climate system. We would like to say we never want to have fire of any kind. But that's not how the real world works. Nature creates fires because it's sort of a rejuvenating, a changeover, allows for refreshing of forests, grasslands—they're always going to happen. You know, we like to take more precautions, so we don't create an excessive number, but they are part of the natural biosphere process.

REICHARD: Well let’s talk about the research then. Some research says that the number of natural disasters is rising… other data shows a flat line, if not a decrease. So, why the discrepancy… and how should we think about disaster data?

LEGATES: Well, it depends on the time series in which you look. I mean, if you go back, say 100 years, it was much higher back then. And the reason it was much higher is we now have things like airplanes, satellites. We can see what's going on. We can get a spatial representation of how it's developed. We can move people to where we need them to be to fight the fire. We can fight the fire from the air by dropping water on it—didn't have any of that back in 1920. So you were sort of standing on the ground, seeing a fire not realizing where it is, being able to only fight it that one way, not move people around as necessary. And so fires burned a lot longer, a lot more area got burned. Even though the number of fires remains about constant, there was a lot more back then. So it depends on the timescale that you always look at as to whether you see a rising trend, a falling trend, and if we go back to the 1920s, it's definitely been falling.

REICHARD: Yes, having the long view is really helpful in looking at the data. I know wildfires raged in Canada last year, then in California in prior years…and part of the problem had to do with forest management that prevented logging and didn’t clear away the dead growth, which of course, that meant fuel for fire.

But Texas is a conservative state and I imagine that means it manages things differently. Can you compare the Smokehouse fire with the fires in Canada and California?

LEGATES: Actually, it's apples versus oranges, because this is going on in the northern Texas Panhandle. And the problem there is we don't have a lot of trees in that region. It's mostly grasses. And grasses burn as well. But it's easier to handle trees and undergrowth and things like that, than to simply go in and kill off a lot of grasses on the ground. So it's a grass fire here, whereas it would be a forest fire say in California or in Canada. They're different, but once they get started they're fought mostly the same way.

REICHARD: I’m wondering, when it comes to stewarding the land and using proper dominion, are there policies that help mitigate so-called climate disasters that lawmakers should focus on?

LEGATES: Well, that's one of the things we've learned or should’ve learned in the 40s, 50s, and 60s is how to better maintain our natural environment. The idea is you create fire breaks, you keep the underground growth removed. I mean, this is done regularly in California, because they know that if you don't, a lot of houses will burn. So they keep that and take care of it. Like I said, it's very difficult to have done that here. You've got large expanses of the Midwest that are just simply covered by grasses that dry out naturally. Usually, they dry out in August, September, but in this case, they’re dormant. We got a lot of wind, we've got dry conditions, they become fire fodder I should say.

REICHARD: David, what aspect of this story do you think is misunderstood by the general public and needs more attention?

LEGATES: Generally that fire is somehow human-induced and is bad. Fire is also naturally induced, and fire is part of the climate system, part of the ecosystem that keeps it going. So we tend to think of fire as always being bad, and always being created by human beings. But even if we didn't have humans at all, fire would still replenish the natural ecosystems, it would still be with us. It's been with us since the world was created and will still be with us, even if we are gone.

REICHARD: David Legates works with the Cornwall Alliance, and previously served as a member of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. David thanks so much.

LEGATES: Thank you.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Childhood pastimes sometimes grow up into full time work. Mary, you spoke to this man from Illinois, who puts his passion for scuba together with metal detection.

DEREK LANGOS: My name is Derek Langos and I'm a professional scuba diving recovery and lost item finder.

He finds all sorts of things in the lakes of Illinois and Missouri: Coins, rings, glasses, even a white gold Cartier ring. But there’s one particular item he finds a lot:

LANGOS: Yep, tons of Apple watches. I find them a lot just when I'm out freediving.

I guess even those fancy tech watches can’t do much when you drop them to the bottom of a lake. So Langos has some advice:

LANGOS: I would definitely get a better watch band for your Apple Watches, put your phone in a waterproof proof floating bag.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: The watch may be smart, but the bands aren’t.

BROWN: It’s The World and Everything in It.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Today is Thursday, March 7. Thank you for turning to WORLD Radio to help start your day. Good morning. I’m Mary Reichard.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: And I’m Myrna Brown.

This week on Concurrently: The News Coach Podcast, Kelsey Reed and WORLDkids editor Chelsea Boes interview Dr. Gene Veith. They’re talking about the often misunderstood doctrine of vocation. What is it and how can it help your kids and teens see God’s love in their everyday responsibilities? Here’s a preview:

BOES: Yes, that's what I was going to say is it makes me think, of course of the Hopkins poem. The world is charged with the grandeur of God. But the world is also charged with the love of God. And I remember just being in college and you know, eating a bagel and thinking, oh, there's so much love in this bagel. There's the guy who drove the truck, and there's the person who milled the wheat and there's the person who watered the plant. Yeah, whatever. But it makes life just more fun, I think.

VEITH: Well really, it does.The world is charged [with] the presence of God. He's everywhere. He's in the people you're doing things for. He's in the routine, dull business of whatever you have to be doing, whether you're driving your kids here or there or working in a job that's not that fun. It really shows how God's - not just his presence, but as you say, his love - and His love is channeled through our love. And the more faith we have, the more we can love with God's love, and it's an amazing thing.

You can hear the entire episode of Concurrently today wherever you get your podcasts. And find out more at concurrentlypodcast.com.

REICHARD: Coming next on The World and Everything in It: Artificial Intelligence and Music. We’re finding new uses for AI all the time and for many in the music industry, the tools are really cool.

BROWN: They are, but at what cost? I talked to a musician asking that question and who’s also determined to keep the art and the heart of music alive.

SOUND: [PRACTICE ROOM STUDENTS SINGING, PLAYING INSTRUMENTS]

MYRNA BROWN REPORTING: Inside tiny practice rooms, sopranos hit high notes, pianists perfect chord progressions and songwriters craft melodies and lyrics. Music bounces off the walls at the University of Mobile’s Alabama School of the Arts.

MYRNA: And you used to walk these halls right?

GARRETT: Yeah, I was here for four years…

That’s Garrett Romine. He plays keys, the guitar and the drums. A graduate student at the university, he says he’s not surprised AI has become part of the music equation.

GARRETT ROMINE: When you think about recording, you used to record on a tape and it mattered. And now you just record on a computer. And so, we’ve already kind of seen one huge shift in music.

Romine also sings and writes his own songs.

MUSIC: [“LIGHT HAS COME” PERFORMANCE]

In 2017, while still an undergraduate student he wrote “Light Has Come,” a song that was featured in one of the school’s major productions and later published in a choral book. Romine says when it comes to songwriting, AI doesn’t measure up.

GARRETT ROMINE: Not that long ago, I just typed in to an AI App like, write a song about this. And it spit it out and I was like…. Ehh. I think you can kind of tell at this point, what’s totally written by a computer or by AI or not. 

MYRNA: How? 

ROMINE: It just felt clunky. It wasn't particularly moving. I think that’s the missing part of AI. As smart as it is, it doesn’t really have heart.

AUDIO: [ANDREA MARTONELLI PLAYING INSTRUMENT]

Two thousand miles away, Andrea Martonelli agrees with Romine. But Martonelli, a grad student from the Queen Mary University of London, believes there are new possibilities for instrumentation and technique using AI.

SOUND: [MUSIC TRADE SHOW CHATTER]

Today the musician is one of 16-hundred exhibitors showcasing AI technology at a global music trade show in Southern California.

AUDIO: [ANDREA MARTONELLI PLAYING INSTRUMENT]

A small crowd gathers around his booth to hear him beat his snare drum and strum his guitar… at the same time AND using the same instrument.

ANDREA MARTONELLI: The way it works is that it’s got a little bit of simple artificial intelligence. It tracks whether you’re coming down on the heel or coming down with the fingers and it’s consistent all across the body.

He calls it a HiTar, an advanced guitar with artificial intelligence sensors that read movements to make both drum and synthesizer sounds. Trade show attendee, Ken Preece can’t take his eyes off of Martonelli’s hands moving rapidly from the body of the guitar to the fretboard.

KEN PREECE: This is going to change guitar playing, no doubt about. If I can touch the guitar, get different sounds and depending how I hit it, I get another different sound, that’s next level.

AUDIO: [VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT]

Across the pond, one of Martonelli’s classmates is working on another AI tool. Extended reality—or XR—is a way of extending the physical reality that we live in. Max Graf sits at a wooden desk in a dark studio at London’s Queen Mary University. Graf wears a white augmented reality headset. With a strap across the top of his head, the huge goggles that cover his eyes make him look like a sci-fi character. But the getup enables him to play the virtual instrument he calls “Netz”.

MAX GRAF: The instruments that I envision in the future and also instruments that I want to build myself are instruments that harness physical instruments or have new physical instruments with counterparts in the virtual world.

This AI tool allows Graf to track hand movements to create corresponding outputs like notes and chords.

But what about live music that extends beyond the four walls of a studio? Garrett Romine, back in Alabama says those are the dots AI can’t connect.

GARRETT ROMINE: We still want to hear music that we like and see the people behind it. And I don’t know if that will change. And so even if AI music and generative AI makes cool music, I still don’t think in a massive way that replaces the fact that people want to be connected to the person that wrote it or the person who sings it.

Reporting for WORLD, I’m Myrna Brown.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Today is Thursday March 7. Good morning! This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Mary Reichard.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: And I’m Myrna Brown. Up next: WORLD commentator Cal Thomas says President Biden has some explaining to do.

CAL THOMAS: Politicians aren’t good at much, but they do excel at one thing – lying. For one thing, both parties refuse to acknowledge the danger of a growing and unsustainable debt. (CNBC reports it’s increasing by $1 trillion about every 100 days.)

Another case in point–President Biden had his annual physical exam last week. When asked if a cognitive test was part of it, White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre stated it wasn’t “because the doctor doesn’t believe he needs one….”

If a police officer sees a car swerving, the officer will usually pull the driver over. If the driver smells of alcohol, the officer proposes a sobriety test. If the driver refuses, the driver can still be found guilty based on the appearance of drunk driving.

What evidence would be necessary to conclude without a test that President Biden has cognitive issues? Falling down? Shuffling? Slurred speech? Forgetting names? The public sees all these and more. Polls show a majority say Biden is too old for a second term. It’s not the age, but the condition of the mind.

Need another example of lying? Last week, President Biden’s son Hunter Biden testified before the GOP-led House Oversight and Judiciary Committees. He claimed again that Joe Biden was not involved in his business dealings. But Hunter didn’t explain where he got the money for a new sports car which critics say was payment for “influence-peddling.” And Chairman James Comer cited the committee’s investigation when he claimed, “Joe Biden attended dinners, spoke on speakerphone, showed up to meetings, and had coffee with his son’s foreign business associates.”

The Wall Street Journal summarized depositions by Hunter and his uncle James Biden this way: “the testimony confirms the story of political influence peddling and family profiteering. Even if he didn’t get a dime himself, Joe Biden willingly assisted his son Hunter and brother James in schemes to cash in on the Biden family name.”

This recalls another president who was good at lying. Bill Clinton claimed he did not have sex with intern Monica Lewinsky. “There is nothing going on between us,” he asserted, as reported by online magazine Slate. Later and under oath, Clinton was asked before a grand jury about his behavior with Lewinsky. His famous reply: “It depends on what the meaning of the word ‘is’ is…”

Hairs then and now have never been split so finely.

In 1998, several Clinton defenders left a Cabinet meeting with the president and buttressed his claims of innocence. The group was led by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, who said: “I believe that the allegations are completely untrue.” Commerce Secretary William Daley said, “I’ll second that.” Education Secretary Dick Riley added, “I’ve already said that.”

The same kind of deceit is at work today. When it comes to Washington (the city, not George), if you never trust a politician, you will never be disappointed.

I’m Cal Thomas.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Tomorrow: Our midcareer students at World Journalism Institute ask John Stonestreet questions that he’ll answer on Culture Friday. And, a new installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise. That and more tomorrow.

I’m Mary Reichard.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: And I’m Myrna Brown.

The World and Everything in It comes to you from WORLD Radio. WORLD’s mission is biblically objective journalism that informs, educates, and inspires.

The Bible says: “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.” —John 3:16

Go now in grace and peace.

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