The World and Everything in It - June 20, 2022

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Good morning!

The Supreme Court handed down opinions last week and we will touch on all of them.

NICK EICHER, HOST: That’s ahead on Legal Docket.

Also today, the Monday Moneybeat. The Fed gets more aggressive on inflation, but will it work?

Plus the WORLD History Book—100 years ago an evangelist takes to the airwaves.

REICHARD: It’s Monday, June 20th. This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Mary Reichard.

EICHER: And I’m Nick Eicher. Good morning!

REICHARD: Now news with Kent Covington.

KENT COVINGTON, NEWS ANCHOR: Treasury secretary expects economy to slow in months ahead » Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen says she expects the U.S. economy to slow down in the months ahead. She told ABC’s This Week that after a period of strong growth…

YELLEN: It’s natural now that we expect a transition to steady and stable growth, but I don’t think a recession is inevitable.

Not inevitable, but increasingly likely, according to many economists and former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers.

SUMMERS: I don’t think there are historical precedents for inflation at the rate we now have it coming down to the target the Fed has set of 2 percent without a recession.

That courtesy of NBC’s Meet the Press.

Critics say the Biden administration and the Federal Reserve waited too long to recognize the threat posed by surging prices. The administration and the Fed repeatedly said inflation was only temporary before having to concede that it would last much longer than they expected.

With gas prices hovering around $5 per gallon, Yellen said the administration is open to a national gas tax holiday. That would temporarily cut the price of gas by about 18 cents per gallon.

CDC approves vaccines for young children » The CDC over the weekend gave the green light to COVID-19 vaccines for infants, toddlers and preschoolers. CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky …

WALENSKY: We have taken another step together in our fight against COVID-19 by making safe and effective vaccines available for our little ones.

Children under 5 were the last remaining age group ineligible for vaccines. More than a million Americans have died of COVID-19. The CDC reports that just over 400 of them were small children.

CDC advisory panel member Dr. Oliver Brooks said the vaccines could help protect against future variants.

BROOKS: We don’t know what’s going to happen and what other variants we may see, but I feel comfortable in saying that vaccinating will be a benefit.

But the majority of parents are not convinced. Research shows that most are either choosing not to vaccinate young children or are taking a wait-and-see approach.

Less than a third of children ages 5 to 11 have received a COVID vaccine.

Parents who do opt for the shots will have access to them beginning this week.

Morale is concern as NATO chief warns war could last ‘years’ » In Ukraine, morale may be plummeting among troops on both sides of the war. That according to a new report. WORLD’s Josh Schumacher has more.

JOSH SCHUMACHER, REPORTER: Britain’s defense ministry says that soldiers deserting the front lines or rebelling against orders have plagued Ukrainian forces. And the ministry says the situation is far worse within Russia’s military.

The Ukrainian Main Intelligence Directorate has reportedly released phone calls from Russian troops, complaining about conditions on the front lines, lack of personnel, and poor equipment.

As the 4-month mark of Russia’s invasion nears, NATO’s Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg says Western countries need to be prepared for the war to drag on for years.

The conflict is driving up the cost of food and fuel globally, but he said Western allies must stand firm in support of Ukraine.

Reporting for WORLD, I’m Josh Schumacher

Yellowstone to partially reopen to visitors this week » Yellowstone National Park is set to partially reopen this week after catastrophic flooding destroyed roads and bridges.

The Park Service says as of Wednesday morning, it will allow a limited number of visitors on the park’s southern loop. They’ll use a temporary license plate system designed to manage the crowds.

The north loop is expected to remain closed through the summer, if not longer.

Officials say it could take years and cost more than $1 billion to repair the damage from the flooding.

Box office: Lightyear not the blast-off Disney/Pixar hoped for » At the weekend box office, Lightyear wasn’t quite the blast-off Disney & Pixar hoped for.

TRAILER: Buzz Lightyear mission log - after a full year of being marooned on this planet, our first test flight is a go.

The Toy Story spinoff hauled in a respectable $51 million domestically in its opening weekend, but that was well short of expectations.

Lightyear finished in second place, just behind Jurassic World Dominion, which earned another $59 million for a total of about $260 million in two weeks of release.

I'm Kent Covington. Straight ahead: We’ll round up the latest Supreme Court opinions on the Monday Legal Docket.

This is The World and Everything in It.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: It’s Monday morning and a brand new work week for The World and Everything in It. Today is the 20th of June, 2022.

Good morning to you, I’m Mary Reichard.

NICK EICHER, HOST: And I’m Nick Eicher. It’s time for Legal Docket.

We expect the U.S. Supreme Court to hand down more opinions tomorrow morning as today the court is closed for the federal holiday of Juneteenth.

Anticipation is high ahead of decisions about abortion, gun rights, school funding and private prayer at public school.

Today, we’ll summarize the eleven opinions released last week. We’ll move quickly through, so buckle up!

REICHARD: Ok, let’s go: In a 6-3 decision, the court ruled against a Native American prosecuted two times for a single incident of rape.

Merle Denezpi argued this was double jeopardy, and the Fifth Amendment protects him against that.

But the majority justices disagreed. They pointed out that Denezpi’s single act broke two laws: the tribal code’s assault-and-battery ordinance—as well as aggravated sexual abuse in Indian country, which is found in the United States code.

Therefore, no Double Jeopardy here because two distinct sovereigns enforcing two different laws prosecuted Denezpi—once in federal court, and once in a Court of Indian Offenses.

EICHER: Next, a loss for a Mexican citizen who was deported once from the United States and then re-entered the country. US Immigration and Customs Enforcement reinstated that removal order and placed him into detention.

The man argued that he should have a bond hearing before a judge and that proceeding would determine if he could be released from detention and remain in the United States pending resolution of his claims.

But a unanimous court decided the federal government may detain immigrants indefinitely in removal proceedings without a bond hearing.

Here, the man said he feared torture if he returned to Mexico. An asylum officer determined his fear was reasonable. But it can take years to process these kinds of claims, and the man would have to remain in detention the whole time.

REICHARD: The wrinkle is that in 2001, the Supreme Court held that detaining an immigrant indefinitely would raise serious due process issues. That’s why lower courts in this case favored the noncitizen.

Rather than extend that earlier decision, the court pointed to a doctrine known as constitutional avoidance. That says federal courts must decide cases on statutory grounds in lieu of the Constitutional grounds where possible. So the court held the immigration statute at issue in this case did not require the government to hold a bond hearing.

Because the high court did not reach the constitutional claims of the noncitizen, it remanded the case to lower court to analyze that aspect.

EICHER: The next case is similar. It involves class-action members who face long detention pending deportation proceedings and asks whether they as a class are entitled to bond hearings. The majority held that the governing law bars class-action relief and that district courts have no authority to order the government to hold bond hearings as a class.

The bottom line is that this pair of decisions will make it much more difficult for aliens to challenge deportation orders.

REICHARD: Okay, moving right along now with opinion number four.

This one says federal district courts have no authority to order discovery in international arbitration disputes.

Here, two companies are fighting over alleged fraud in a business transaction. Each signed an arbitration agreement to settle problems before an arbitration board in Germany. One company seeks relevant documents and testimony and wants a federal district court to compel the other side to provide the documents and testimony.

But all nine justices agreed federal district courts have no authority to do so. The law in question doesn’t apply to arbitration panels like this one, only to certain bodies that adjudicate controversies.

EICHER: This next decision didn’t actually result in an opinion. Instead, the case ended as a “DIG.” That’s a legal acronym that stands for “dismissed as improvidently granted”—D-I-G.

Thirteen Republican-governed states led by Arizona sought to intervene in a case out of the 9th circuit. Intervene is when a third party wants to enter into an existing lawsuit between two other parties. These states want to defend a Trump administration rule that aimed to screen out immigrants who seek green cards and who would likely qualify for taxpayer funded benefits like Medicaid.

President Biden rescinded the rule and during oral argument, government lawyers argued a new and different rule was on the way.

You could hear a hint of the eventual DIG in this comment from Justice Clarence Thomas. This is from oral argument in February:

THOMAS: What makes this case different from any other case? I mean, when administrations change -- I think this is my fifth administration change. And the new administration often changes its position in cases.

REICHARD: This next decision concerns an international child-custody dispute and it’s a temporary victory for the mother of the boy at the center of the fight.

The woman in this case married a man in Italy. Together, they had a son, who was born there. But the marriage was abusive, she said, and so four years ago when she paid a visit to the United States and brought the son, she never went back.

The father sued to get the child back pursuant to a treaty called the Hague Convention. It establishes how to return an internationally abducted child from one member country to another.

EICHER: The case bounced around for a while before reaching the U.S. Supreme Court. The question there was what the Hague Convention requires: specifically, how the courts are supposed to protect children who may be at risk in an abusive home environment.

The mother’s lawyer,Karen King, during oral argument inserted urgency into a needed resolution:

KING: The child here is almost 6 years old. He has spent the vast majority of his life in legal limbo. Reversal provides the safe and swift closure he deserves.

REICHARD: Alas, swift closure is not to be, but the boy does remain with his mother in the United States for now as the case is remanded to lower court.

The trial court now has to determine whether supervision and counseling measures for the father are enough to protect the child during the time authorities resolve custody.

EICHER: Another opinion came down 6-3 against a former member of the Marine Corps. The military denied him disability benefits, even after the Department of Veterans Affairs admitted it was wrong in its initial interpretation of the law.

Back in 1975, Kevin George joined the Marine Corps and passed the initial physical. But he did not disclose that he’d suffered recent episodes of schizophrenia—and during training he suffered another one that prompted the Marines to issue a medical discharge.

George argued he is entitled to disability benefits because his short time of service made his condition worse. Because this happened back in the 1970s, the VA could at that time reject claims by showing a condition existed prior to service.

REICHARD: But then in 2003 the VA ditched that interpretation. The new practice would be for the VA to hold off denying benefits until it could prove a veteran’s service didn’t make any pre-existing condition worse.

The VA argued back in April that its original decision wasn’t a mistake at the time. Here’s lawyer Anthony Yang:

YANG: For nearly 60 years now, the regulation governing clear and unmistakable error provided that such error cannot be based on a change in interpretation of the law… .

By a vote of 6-3, the court agreed because the decision to deny benefits at that time wasn’t wrong.

A tart dissent by Justice Neil Gorsuch said not giving George a new hearing was inexcusable and warned that broader implications will soon become evident.

EICHER: Next decision was another arbitration dispute that handed victory to the cruise line Viking River.

Angie Moriana worked as a sales rep for Viking and she’d signed an arbitration agreement with her employer. But she filed a class action on behalf of herself and other employees for wage and hour violations. She based her case on California state law and state supreme court precedent.

Her employer argued that the arbitration agreement she signed stops a class-action claim like that.

The majority justices agreed, although it’s a fractured opinion with many concurrences and dissents. This is a win for employers, but it’s probably not the last word on California state law and the Federal Arbitration Act.

REICHARD: Moving on now to decision number 9: a split court allows a Native American tribe in Texas to offer electronic bingo on its reservation.

Texas wanted to prohibit Indian tribes from operating bingo games on tribal lands. But the state permits bingo in other venues under certain circumstances, and so the high court handed victory to the tribe, reasoning it doesn’t matter that the tribal game-play is electronic.

The majority made up an unusual coalition of conservative and liberal justices: the five included conservatives Neil Gorsuch and Amy Coney Barrett along with liberals Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan.

Justice Gorsuch frequently sides with Native American tribes.

EICHER: This next case has to do with errors judges make.

A man named Dexter Kemp received a 35-year prison sentence for drug and firearms offenses. He tried to vacate the sentence by arguing he was the victim of bad lawyering. A judge rejected the claim and more than a year later, Kemp moved to reopen his case.

A judge denied that because it was too late.

The Supreme Court had to decide whether the governing rules permit court review of a district court judge’s error of law if the litigant doesn’t raise a complaint within a year’s time. The ruling was 8-1 that the answer is no.

REICHARD: Final decision from last week is a unanimous victory for the American Hospital Association against the federal government.

The court ruled the US Department of Health and Human Services improperly cut reimbursement rates to healthcare organizations that care for low-income patients. That’s because the agency failed to gather important pricing information before cutting hospital drug reimbursements by $1.6 billion.

Justice Brett Kavanaugh wrote the opinion and ended it by noting that some arguments put forth by the government are not properly resolved at the Supreme Court. It’s for Congress to fix some things.

And that’s this week’s Legal Docket.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Next up on The World and Everything in It: the Monday Moneybeat.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Time now for our weekly conversation on business, markets, and the economy with financial analyst and adviser David Bahnsen, head of the financial planning firm The Bahnsen Group. He is on the line now. Good morning.

DAVID BAHNSEN, GUEST: Well, good morning, Nick, good to be with you.

EICHER: Well, the Federal Reserve got a bit more aggressive last week—pushing up its policy interest rate three-quarters of a percentage point and signaling, possibly, another 75 basis point increase at its July meeting. So it all seems there’s an urgency to move more aggressively in response to signs of inflation. But it was interesting, too, that Fed chairman Jay Powell said that the notion of tamping inflation down to meet its mandate of the 2 percent range. Well, that may be too tall an order right now. Let’s hear him.

POWELL: What's becoming more clear is that many factors that we don't control are going to play a very significant role in deciding whether that's possible or not. And there I'm thinking of course of commodity prices, the war in Ukraine, supply chain, things like that where we really can't, the monetary policy stance doesn't affect those things.

EICHER: David, talk about what the Fed is doing.

BAHNSEN: Well, look, I've been pretty consistent in wanting people on The World and Everything in It to not think of it entirely in political terms or a political context. One of the things I think we just have to remember is yes, there's a big component of what the Fed has to do right now, that is about undoing the monetary policy from COVID. But there really is a lot going on that has to do with undoing the monetary policy of the financial crisis, because they never undid that. Back in the aftermath of the financial crisis, they brought the Fed funds rate to zero and left it there for seven years. And they added $4 trillion to their balance sheet. And they never got close to normalizing - either with rates or the liquidity in the financial system. And then in late 2018, early 2019, they chickened out in doing that. And then COVID came. So there's a lot of this complexity in the historical context of what we're dealing with. Right now, I think it's entirely possible that the Fed will end up tightening things to a point that puts us into a recession. I have been hesitant to say that's a foregone conclusion, because it isn't. There's certain things that could happen that could keep that from happening. Nobody knows for sure, but I think one has to assume that if financial conditions tighten enough, there could end up being a recession out of it. And in the meantime, I believe the Fed is largely doing the right thing for the wrong reasons. I'm not remotely convinced that higher interest rates are going to be an antidote to inflation, because I don't believe that low interest rates were the cause of the inflation. I think they exacerbated it in some cases, I think they did have a negative effect in inflating housing prices. But for the most part, I think that they're needing to raise interest rates because interest rates were too low. They were distortive. They were a bad price signal. They encouraged speculation in financial markets. And they left the Fed without a policy tool for emergency measures, which is what the central bank is supposed to be there for - a lender of last resort during times of extreme stress. We were not in extreme stress. So if you keep emergency measures in the economy on and non emergency times, what are you supposed to do during a real emergency?

EICHER: So there are political questions around dealing with the supply crisis that is driving the substantial pain we’re feeling at the gas pump and last week, the Biden Administration was placing the blame on energy executives, in addition to Russia, for that pain.

BAHNSEN: Yeah. So I think that this is the element that is most concerning politically, is energy inflation. And so this energy component is where I think the Biden administration has the most vulnerability and it's where I think they deserve the most blame. Because I've said all along that I'm not remotely convinced that the broad inflation rate is primarily about government spending, otherwise, we would have had 25 years of inflation, not 25 months. The fact of the matter is that energy is a supply side inflation, meaning that we do not have enough production to keep up with the demand. The demand did not surge higher, it normalized. The demand is where it was pre COVID. We are not consuming more barrels per day of oil than we were in 2019. And yet prices are double. And the reason for that is there is a kind of, you know, surcharge, if you will from Putin and Ukraine and all that. But primarily, we were way above the trendline of oil prices before. And the reason is that Biden declared war on the energy production aspect of American industry. He joined the far left in saying that not drilling would be a good thing, that not approving new leases, not approving new permits, stopping construction of new refineries, new pipelines, new infrastructure, that signaled the markets that we're not going to have new energy production in the future. And it demanded of markets less energy production in the present. And then now they're very mad that, you know, they got what they wanted. It's a wholly bizarre and confusing set of circumstances. So what's his remedy? Well, he can blame Exxon and Chevron, play into the class warfare a little bit. It's an irrational and incoherent argument. But it's worth it for him to try - politically. But then from a policy standpoint, he is going to get on a plane and go meet with Saudi Arabia, and ask them to increase production to try to bring energy prices down. So I would consider that a political and economic loser as well. This is a very, very unfortunate decision by the Biden administration.

EICHER: And finally, another rough week for the stock market: the S&P 500 and Dow Jones wrapped up their worst weeks since 2020. David, this is your business. You must be hearing investors freaking out a little bit. What do you tell them?

BAHNSEN: Well, first of all, I want to say, partially because some of the people listening are clients of our firm, that it is not true that we have people freaking out. And the reason for that is because, first of all, the worst pain people have felt this year by far, has been in what we called shiny objects. If one has not been in crypto and in Fang, and in hot tech and new tech and money losing tech, then one is down, but not really down that much. And to the extent that one is focused on energy, on high quality, on dividend growth, until about four days ago, they weren't even down at all. Now it's gone into slightly negative territory this week. But I mean, for the most part, it isn't really true that this has been hammering everything. There's been a number of elements in investing that have done just fine. But I also believe that, hopefully, people are hearing whether it's on this podcast or the communication they receive from the people they paid attention to, I know what our commitment is at our own firm, that they're getting the communication about the fact that bear markets are part of being an investor, that volatility is part of being an investor. It's not only not something that can be or should be avoided, it's something that should be embraced. You get a risk premium in your long term performance because of the reality of market volatility. It's not always easy emotionally or psychologically. But this is a principle that cannot be ignored, or soft peddled or lied about, I won't lie about it. There, if it wasn't this, it could be something else. It could be a recession, it could be the Fed, it could be a global pandemic, it could be something geopolitical, we have events that create vulnerabilities in markets. And that's a good thing, because it creates the risk premia that results in long term investor results. And so people have to behave, they have to stay calm. If it's upsetting them, they probably don't need to be looking at it every single day. And that's the right principle here. But there are parables that speak to this, then there are principles that speak to this. There's they're both in some cases, explicitly exegetical, and in other cases, they can be induced from from what we understand about wisdom. So that's my answer to your very fair and understandable question.

EICHER: All right, that's David Bahnsen. He's a financial analyst and advisor and head of the financial planning firm, the Bahnsen group. David writes daily at Dividend-Cafe-dot-com. You can sign up there to receive his daily newsletter, The DC Today. David, thank you so much, and we will see you next week.

BAHNSEN: Thanks so much, Nick.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Today is Monday, June 20th. Good morning! This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard. This month marks the 100th anniversary of a promotional radio broadcast that launched the first Christian radio ministry. Here’s Paul Butler with this week’s WORLD History Book.

SOUND: TELEGRAPH MORSE CODE

PAUL BUTLER, EXECUTIVE PRODUCER: Wireless telegraphy had been around since before World War I. But radio broadcasting as we know it today began in 1920 with radio station KDKA.

SOUND: KDKA ELECTION RESULTS REENACTMENT

All over the country, hobbyists bought radio sets and began tuning in to the broadcast stations popping up across the country. But many in the church weren’t so sure.

JAMES SNYDER: The church did not trust radio.

James Snyder is a biographer and pastor.

JAMES SNYDER: You know, Satan is the prince and power of the air, radio goes through airwaves. So radio is the devil's instrument.

Another concern for Christians at the time continues to this day…

MARK WARD: Well, this is something that there's so much secular entertainment on it…

Mark Ward, Sr. is Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Houston-Victoria.

MARK WARD: …and we don't want to participate in a medium that is so secularized and worldly.

But in June 1922, a well-known Chicago minister named Paul Rader was preparing for an evangelistic tent meeting.

MARK WARD: Being the promoter par excellence that he was, he was looking for any opportunity to be able to promote the work. And..he was invited by the mayor of Chicago…to come and broadcast from a radio station that the mayor was sponsoring.

So on June 17th, 1922, Paul Rader arrives at Chicago City hall with his brass quartet in tow. They mount the stairs and head to the roof. The studio is little more than a lean-to filled with wires and tubes…and a microphone made from an old telephone receiver.

MARK WARD: The clock ticked down, it was time for the broadcast. And the brass quartet was in this little pinboard studio on the roof of Chicago City Hall. And the engineer shoves the phone through and says play.

MUSIC FROM THE QUARTET

After the quartet finishes, Paul Rader grabs the mic and begins to speak. Tom McElroy reenacted the moment for the 2003 documentary Save Them: The Life of Paul Rader.

TOM MCELROY/PAUL RADER: One hundred thousand sinners within the sound of my voice today must be saved. The world is drifting. Crime rules and the temporal officials are blamed when religion and religion only—non-sectarian, un-quibbling, undogmatic religion will bring the peace you pray for. 

A photographer from The Chicago Daily News snaps a photo of the moment and runs it over to the paper for the evening publication. Rader and the team joke that all of Chicago must have heard them … not because of the broadcast, but for how loudly they were instructed to speak and play in order for the equipment to pick them up. Historian Larry Eskridge:

LARRY ESKRIDGE: And Rader was rather surprised when all this happened, the response from people in the Chicago area. It really stunned him that this obscure little gadget could reach that many people.

Rader’s 1922 tent meeting was so successful that it soon became a permanent, active evangelistic center on Chicago’s near North side: The Chicago Gospel Tabernacle.

Over the next few years Rader made guest appearances on various Chicago radio stations. When he discovered that the mayor’s station didn’t broadcast on Sundays he offered to buy the whole day. Soon they built a studio in the tabernacle and began broadcasting 14 hours each weekend.

LARRY ESKRIDGE: They came up with programs for young boys called the Radio Rangers, or they came up with a program for young girls, the Aerial Girls, and he also came up with a program called the Sunshine Hour, which was targeted sort of for shut ins and the bedridden folks and it intersperse snippets of poetry with comforting Bible passages and hymns played by one of the keyboardist on the tabernacle’s mighty Wurlitzer.

A few years later Rader and his broadcast team even had a daily morning program that aired on CBS:

AUDIO: Good morning Breakfast Brigade! Paul Rader’s Revielle Hour greets the host of early morning risers throughout America and Canada once again with refreshing music and message. Let the Brigade salute become the signal of the start of a glorious day for every Breakfast Brigader…

LARRY ESKRIDGE: What Rader seem to be bring to the table for radio was it he had the gift to be able to speak conversationally, and in an intimate fashion to folks that really made him seem like a friend. 

RADER: Now will you sing around the table this morning? Many of you listening in bed...

LARRY ESKRIDGE: And he sort of envisioned, you may be sitting across the table from him, maybe you've got your Bibles open or just sharing a cup of coffee, and he's talking to you one on one as a friend or a neighbor.

Paul Rader’s broadcast ministry coincided with the great depression. Farmers had crops that they couldn’t sell and people across the region were suffering. So Rader transformed his tabernacle once again—this time into a major food distribution center—canning beans, cabbage, and any other produce he could get ahold of. Radio got the word out.

But as the recession dragged on, Rader’s broadcast initiatives were eventually unsustainable and he had to shut them down. He died just a few year later in 1938. Once again, biographer and pastor James Snyder:

JAMES SNYDER: In my opinion, he invented Christian radio, he is the one who all of a sudden began to see that there should be a connection between the broadcast and the listeners. So his idea of radio was it's another way to connect with people…And so in that sense, I believe that that Paul Rader really invented Christian radio and really set the standard of what Christian Broadcasting ought to be about.

That’s this week’s WORLD History Book. I’m Paul Butler.

And just a word of gratitude before I go. Our fiscal year comes to an end in June. We have just a few more days in our annual Spring Giving Drive and so many of you have stepped up. Thank you. Not only that, many of you have taken the extra step of sending us notes of encouragement. We are grateful for you. Thank you for making Biblically objective journalism possible. We couldn’t do it without you.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Tomorrow: a recap of the Southern Baptist Convention by our reporter who was there.

That and more tomorrow.

I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard.

The World and Everything in It comes to you from WORLD Radio.

WORLD’s mission is biblically objective journalism that informs, educates, and inspires.

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