The World and Everything in It: February 23, 2023

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Good morning!

Much of South Africa is in the dark for hours everyday as the country’s electric grid struggles to keep up with demand.

Also today, a report on proposed judicial reforms in Israel. What’s behind the controversy?

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: And poverty rates for single moms have dropped in the last 25 years. We’ll find out how it’s connected to welfare reform.

Plus finding friendship and buried treasure.

And Cal Thomas looks back on the presidency of Calvin Coolidge.

BROWN: It’s Thursday, February 23rd. This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Myrna Brown.

BUTLER: And I’m Paul Butler. Good morning!

BROWN: Up next, Kent Covington with today’s news.

KENT COVINGTON, NEWS ANCHOR: China-Russia » Russia and China are hardening their military and strategic alliance.

PUTIN: [Russian]

Vladimir Putin sat down with China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the Kremlin on Wednesday as Putin continues pressing Beijing to supply weapons to Russia.

He declared that the relationship between the two countries has reached “new frontiers.” And Wang agreed.

WANG: [Mandarin]

He said they’re ready to deepen their strategic ties and called the relationship, “solid as a rock.”

U.S. Secretary of State Tony Blinken said this week:

BLINKEN: We are concerned that China is considering supporting Russia’s war effort in Ukraine with lethal assistance.

NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg echoed those remarks on Wednesday.

The Chinese and Russian navies on Wednesday took part in joint military drills in the Indian Ocean.

Biden-Ukraine-NATO » Meantime, President Biden wrapped up a two-day stay in Poland where he met with NATO leaders about the war in Ukraine.

BIDEN: Today as we approach the one-year anniversary of Russia’s further invasion, it’s even more important that we continue to stand together.

Tomorrow is the one-year anniversary of that invasion.

The president met with the so-called Bucharest Nine leaders from eastern Europe to reaffirm their commitment to supporting Ukraine.

BIDEN: As NATO’s eastern flank, you are the front lines of our collective defense, and you know better than anyone what’s at stake in this conflict.

He said what’s at stake is the freedom of democracies throughout Europe.

SCOTUS Terror social media » The Supreme Court has now heard two cases over whether social media companies can be held liable for aiding and abetting a terrorist attack.

Family members of a man killed in a 2017 terror attack are suing several social-media platforms that terrorists used for recruitment.

The family’s attorney Eric Schnapper.

SCHNAPPER: The argument is we’re not merely trying to hold you liable because there’s content there but because you helped to propagate it.

The justices seemed concerned that a broad ruling could open the floodgates to waves of lawsuits.

Justice Brett Kavanaugh:

KAVANAUGH: This would put a heavy burden on a wide variety of businesses to try to ferret out more information about their customers to prevent that liability under this kind of statute.

Twitter’s attorney says a few people violating their policies is not the same as aiding and abetting a terrorist.

Israeli raid » The U.S. is urging calm in the West Bank after 10 Palestinians died during an Israeli raid targeting known terrorists on Wednesday .

U.S. State Department Spokesman Ned Price.

PRICE: We recognize the very real security concerns facing Israel. At the same time, we are deeply concerned by the large number of injuries and the loss of civilian lives.

In a rare daytime raid, Israeli forces attempted to arrest three militants. The militants opened fire on Israeli troops. All suspects died in the shootout, along with several other Palestinians.

The Israeli military typically conducts such raids at night to reduce the risk to civilians.

British woman stripped of citizenship after joining ISIS as teen » Meantime, a British woman who lost her citizenship after joining ISIS as a teenager says she will appeal a court’s decision.

Shamima Begum’s lawyers argue that she was a child trafficking victim. Attorney Gareth Peirce.

PEIRCE: And the implications, the outcome that we face is that no British child who has been trafficked outside the UK will be protected by the British state if the home secretary votes national security.

Begum joined the terror group roughly eight years ago along with two other girls when she was just 15 years old. She is now 23.

British authorities revoked her citizenship on national security grounds.

Weather » Thousands of people in the western United States are without power as a major winter storm pushes across the country this week.

Workers at a 7-Eleven in Las Vegas, Nevada said Wednesday:

AUDIO: We were working and I was ringing and all of the sudden the lights just went boop. Then they came right back on. It went out like three times and now they're just off.

Highways are closing from Arizona to Wyoming and airlines have canceled more than 1,500 flights.

I’m Kent Covington. Straight ahead: South Africa’s power crisis.

Plus, the exciting search for buried treasure.

This is The World and Everything in It.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: It’s Thursday the 23rd of February, 2023.

Glad to have you along for today’s edition of The World and Everything in It. Good morning, I’m Paul Butler.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: And I’m Myrna Brown. First up on The World and Everything in It: Power cuts.

South Africa is in the middle of a crippling power crisis that has left millions of people in the dark. On Sunday, the country’s power company increased power outages to up to 10 hours a day.

BUTLER: WORLD’s Africa reporter Onize Ohikere shares how some businesses and aid groups are adapting.

ONIZE OHIKERE, REPORTER: Each morning, Namritha Sivsanker’s team from the Hope South Africa Foundation prepares hundreds of hot meals in a restaurant kitchen in Johannesburg.

Hours before the restaurant opens at 10 a.m., they fire up pots and blend tomatoes to finish up the meals, then clear out the kitchen.

But worsening power cuts have altered their processes. Sivsanker says they now have to start food prepping a day earlier to meet their limited time slot.

SIVSANKER: We cook on gas, but we use equipment for preparation and we’re obviously using the restaurant facilities. So you need lighting as well. So you've got to then get in your portable lights and solar powered lighting systems.

Sivsanker describes it as a knock-and-drop effect that has also left many other businesses and homes in a bind. Residents say the outages have affected everything from business hours to traffic lights and water access.

South Africa’s power utility known as Eskom began employing power cuts—also called load shedding—as far back as 2007. Back then, it only lasted a few hours. But last year, South Africa hit a new record of more than 200 days without electricity.

It has worsened this year, igniting protests.

AUDIO: [Protesters yelling]

Eskom relies heavily on its aging coal-fired power stations, which face frequent breakdowns after years of overuse and poor maintenance.

During a state-of-the-nation address two weeks ago, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced a state of emergency. He said the move will help authorities keep power on more often for essential service providers.

RAMAPHOSA: We know that without a reliable supply of electricity, businesses cannot grow, assembly lines cannot run, crops cannot be irrigated and basic services are interrupted.

Ramaphosa also said he plans to appoint an electricity minister tasked with responding to the crisis. But opposition lawmakers have argued it just adds on another layer of bureaucracy.

AUDIO: [Protesters singing]

Protesters marching in Johannesburg and elsewhere are calling for an end to the power cuts.

Sivsanker says the outages cause ripple effects to all aspects of daily life.

SIVSANKER: Your gates are not working and your security cameras are not working. So burglaries are increased, there's no backup power sources.

Prices for alternative energy sources have also surged.

SIVSANKER: I paid, at the beginning of last year, I bought a single battery inverter for about 5000 rand. That very same inverter now is 8000 for a single battery inverter. Now, the common man on the street cannot afford that.

Harm Engelbrecht heads the South Africa chapter of the Christian Business Men’s Connection.

The group includes about 600 businessmen across South Africa. They all belong to small groups that meet weekly to grow their faith and business practices.

ENGELBRECHT: And obviously, the main thing that, that this also teaches the guys, also the same with, with the COVID pandemic, is to trust on the Lord for, for everything.

Reporting for WORLD, I’m Onize Ohikere.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: Coming up next on The World and Everything in It: The balance of political power in Israel.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Almost seventy-five years after its founding, the State of Israel is facing an internal conflict over the relationship between the legislature and Israel’s Supreme Court.

PROTESTERS: We have a new government that is losing its values, and democracy is collapsing in front of our eyes.

A protester heard there in audio from Global News. Inside Israel’s parliament on Tuesday, lawmakers brought a set of controversial proposals to the floor that would restructure the balance of powers.

AUDIO: [Sound from deliberations]

BUTLER: Proponents of the bill say that change is needed to reign in the expansive powers of the judicial branch. Opponents warn that the legislative branch is expanding its own powers in ways that threaten the integrity of Israel’s democracy. But what’s going on beneath the rhetoric?

BROWN: Emma Freire is working on an article for WORLD Magazine explaining what’s happening in Israel, and we spoke with her about the controversy.

First off, what exactly would the proposed legislation do?

EMMA FREIRE, REPORTER: Well, this legislation, if it’s enacted, would bring quite a number of changes to the Israeli judiciary, but the two most significant ones are, first, that the Israeli parliament would be able to overrule a judicial review decision made by the Israeli Supreme Court. At the moment, the Israeli Supreme Court, like the US Supreme Court, can overturn laws or executive decisions that it deems unconstitutional. Under Netanyahu’s proposed reform, the Israeli parliament could overturn a Supreme Court decision with a simple majority vote. So that’s a big change. Now, the second biggest change would be to the way judges are appointed. Currently, judges are chosen by a committee, which is made up of politicians, Supreme Court justices, and members of the bar association. And with the way the committee functions, Supreme Court justices effectively have veto power over appointments. So this legislation would overhaul the committee to ensure that the ruling coalition would be able to appoint any judges it wants.

BUTLER: Netanyahu has been prime minister before, but he’s never pushed for this kind of reform. Why is this legislation being proposed now?

FREIRE: Netanyahu has been Prime Minister for around 15 years in the past. He’s the longest serving Prime Minister in Israeli history. And in the past, he’s been a defender of the judiciary. But critics say that the reason he has changed his direction is that he is currently on trial for corruption. And then the members of Netanyahu’s right wing coalition all have their own reasons for wanting to weaken the judiciary, which they perceive as being left-wing. So I talked to Dan Arbell, he’s scholar in residence at the Center for Israeli Studies at American University, and he told me about the political dynamics driving this legislation.

DAN ARBELL: Different parties that are part of the coalition have come to the realization that they need this reform for their own interests. The Haredi, the ultra-orthodox, want this because they want to stop general conscription of young ultra-orthodox men into the military; the ultra-nationalists want it because they want the Supreme Court not to intervene or not to limit the ability to expand settlements and build new settlements in the West Bank. Conservatives in the ruling party and the Likud want to weaken the role of the Supreme Court and its ability to nullify legislation and executive orders. This is a convergence of interests that we're talking about.

BROWN: Are the critics right that this move will weaken Israel’s democracy?

FREIRE: Well, that depends on who you ask. Some people say that the Israeli Supreme Court has far too much power and reform is needed because you can't have an elected parliament being radically constrained by an unelected court. So this is what Neil Rogachevsky of Yeshiva University told me about the court’s power. He said, “If you ask me, people have some grounds for complaint. The Israeli Supreme Court has insane legislative power beyond the scope of any activist judge in the United States wildest dreams. Anyone can bring up a complaint, even if it’s not a tort, meaning they’re not affected by it. They can have ideological opposition to a policy of the government and they can go to the Supreme Court, and it’s within their power to cancel a government policy in this way.” However, other people say that this destroys the system of checks and balances, and it concentrates too much power in the executive branch. This is what Dan Arbell told me about his fears.

ARBELL: These are all very scary options that we’re looking at if this reform is pushed through without changes, and without any willingness to conduct a dialogue and reach compromises between those who support it and those who oppose it.

BUTLER: So what’s next for this legislation and the State of Israel?

FREIRE: Well, the proposed legislation is making its way through the normal process in the Israeli parliament. Netanyahu’s coalition has 64 seats out of 120, so they are in a position to pass this, and that kind of sets up a worst-case scenario where the bill is passed and then the Israeli Supreme Court strikes it down. And some people fear that if that happened, there might be violence in the streets. There’s even talk of a civil war. So tensions are very high over this bill. There have already been massive street protests over it and foreign leaders, including President Joe Biden, have criticized the bill. And the President of Israel—and that’s a ceremonial role in their country—has been calling for a compromise. But I talked to Neil Rogachevsky of Yeshiva University and he says Netanyahu is far too practical of a politician to really let the situation get out of hand.

BROWN: Let’s hope that’s the case. Emma Friere is a senior writer for WORLD Magazine.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: A new Cato Institute study indicates that single-parent poverty dropped by 62 percent between 1995 and 2016. Researchers claim that this decline points to the success of welfare reforms in the 1990s.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Why is this study significant? To find out, we asked WORLD’s Compassion Beat reporter, Addie Offereins.

ADDIE OFFEREINS, REPORTER: This story is showing us that welfare reforms that added work requirements and time limits to programs for needy families in the 1990s are paying off now. And we're seeing the caseload on these programs dropped significantly, earnings went up. And these programs, the vast majority were servicing single parents. And so Congress had a goal in mind to incentivize two parent households to get people off of welfare into the workforce. And that’s why they added these work requirements and time limits and urge states to enforce these so they would penalize states who didn’t. And today, this study is showing us that we’re seeing —we have seen—a significant increase in the incomes of single mothers and single fathers that point to these reforms being successful. And like I mentioned before, because single parents were the vast majority of those cases, those welfare cases, that's who this is impacting the most. And that's what the study is looking into.

BUTLER: How does single-parent poverty look different today than it did back in the 90s?

OFFEREINS: Congress passed reforms with a couple of goals in mind, like I mentioned, to get people off welfare in the long term to increase their earnings. And in some ways, they worked in the sense that we do see an overall increase in single parent earnings and less people on welfare. But at the same time, we still do see overall higher rates of single mothers and single fathers on welfare in poverty than their married counterparts. And one of the goals of the welfare reforms was to incentivize more two parent households, to incentivize people getting married at higher rates. And that’s actually something we didn’t see happen after these reforms. So we saw that overall increase in income, but today, we’re still seeing a decline in marriage. So I talked with a couple ministries that specifically minister to single mothers—one in California and one in New York—and what they emphasize is less about getting someone out of poverty by getting them the resources that they need, but they’re emphasizing building relationships and building a support network around single mothers. They pointed out that an increase in income is helpful for sure. But what’s even more helpful long term is these relationships, this long term support that will move them out of poverty in the long term and is much more helpful than another round of welfare assistance in the short term.

BROWN: Addie Offereins is WORLD’s Compassion Beat reporter, and if you’d like to read more from Addie’s story, we’ll post a link in today’s transcript.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: Recently a first generation cell phone came up for auction...

MOBILE PHONE EDUCATIONAL FILM: This service is designed to provide a means of communication for those who travel in city areas...

No, no, no, not that first generation. This auction was for an original iPhone—still in its sealed, unopened box. Karen Green has owned the phone since 2007.

GREEN: I got a new job and my friends bought me the latest, newest first generation phone...

But as she had just gotten a new phone, she decided to leave the gift in its cellophane-wrapped package. In 2019, Karen had the iPhone appraised on the daytime television show: Doctor & The Diva.

TV SHOW: It hasn't been touched. It's in its original packaging and it is the higher end of them. What's interesting about it is when it was first given to you it cost about $599 in 2007.

Karen was blown away but off mic asked the expert how much more it might increase in value if she held on to it...the presenter didn't give a specific amount, leaving the audience hanging.

Well, this week we learned just how much it increased in value over the last 3 and a half years—a Louisiana-based auction house just sold the phone for more than $63,000. That's a 10,000 percent increase in value from its original purchase price.

BROWN: Talk about run-away inflation…

BUTLER: It’s The World and Everything in It.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: Today is Thursday, February 23rd. Thank you for turning to WORLD Radio to help start your day.

Good morning. I’m Paul Butler.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: And I’m Myrna Brown. Coming next on The World and Everything in It: hunting for crystals.

WORLD Correspondent Caleb Bailey recently visited a mine in North Carolina. He learned what it takes to find precious stones and crystals. In the process, he uncovered something even more valuable. Here’s Caleb.

CALEB BAILEY, REPORTER: Emerald Hollow Mine in Hiddenite, North Carolina sits on top of a gem and crystal jackpot.

The entrance is unassuming with a dirt lot and multiple wooden shacks…most of them shuttered and vacant. But starting at 9am, prospectors begin showing up. Crystals of all shapes, sizes, and colors sit right under their feet waiting to be discovered.

AUDIO: That’s pretty-You want that? Thank you.

It rained last night so there’s lots of mud. Some miners arrive with a shovel. Others have a full set of picks and chisels.

People as old as 50 and as young as 10 make up the group. Some of them first-time miners others weekend regulars. But 34-year-old Daniel Coleman has been doing this for a while and every prospector present that Saturday was following his lead.

AUDIO: [You found nothing yet? I’m gonna go here and give her a hand.]

COLEMAN: Erin and Jeff, they’re rock hounds like all the rest of them…

This is a tour through Coleman’s favorite dig spots at the mine. The owners at Emerald Hollow have given him preference on dig sites, and this one sits right above Wallace Creek, a steep hill dotted with holes and piles of dirt next to them.

COLEMAN: This is Daniel's digsite watch your step as we go along. We've had some rain this week. We're gonna walk up the hill

If his enthusiasm isn’t enough to catch your attention, his vast knowledge of emeralds certainly will. He has the energy of a young man but the expertise of an old geologist.

COLEMAN: Within a six mile radius. There are four different colors of the Emeralds. There's clear for the Goshenite. There's yellow for the heliodor blue for the aquamarine and green for the emerald and green is what everybody is searching for.

North Carolina is a prospectors playground and Coleman has no plans to look elsewhere for the gems.

COLEMAN: Well, there are three different deposits of emeralds in North Carolina, and Alexandria County. They had the three biggest emeralds in the US that were found.

His tried and true method is simple enough. Look for shiny black flakes. That’s the mica. And anywhere there is mica or quartz you have a good chance of finding crystals.

One of his many mottos is “focus on the first two feet.” As he digs, if there aren’t any crystals in the first two feet, that’s indicative of what’s below.

And even if the first two feet do have crystals, it takes a sharp eye—these crystals are often underwhelming.

COLEMAN: And the quartz, looks ugly at first, you know, but if it's white or clear, I always keep digging, this little black streak that's rolling along. It's called manganese. It's very crucial for Crystal production.

Coleman’s lively demeanor is perfect for this kind of thing. Digging is hard work, but the reward is worth the dirt and sweat.

COLEMAN: I love it. I love getting dirt on on people. It's amazing.

Every miner's boots are cased in the red clay that seems to be everywhere.

COLEMAN: All right, look at look at this hardcore digger. Look at that. Look at that beard. It's red from all the red clay.

This hasn’t always been a passion for Coleman. His fascination with underground gems came at an unlikely time.

COLEMAN: I dug my own backyard for seven years in Statesville, North Carolina after my son passed away. And how I started was I was literally asking God to teach me how to love literally and sitting on my hands and knees…and literally 15 minutes later my lawnmower chipped this crystal, that one crystal right there.

His first discovery was the size of a brick with crystal clusters jutting out like porcupine spikes

And it didn’t stop there. That casual lawn mowing led to a seven year expedition…right there in his backyard.

COLEMAN: I always tell people like Forrest Gump went running. I went digging. You know, it was kind of kind of my therapy, you know, and so I dug that backyard for seven years. I had 8 ten foot holes in that backyard I dug by hand. I could fill up two houses with that collection that I dug from that bed or I had no I had no social media, no family and friends nothing

After those seven years, the thrill of collecting crystals for his own satisfaction wore off—and he had to begin to face his life challenges. That's when he started to share his passion with others.

And that’s what brought Coleman here to Emerald Hollow. The owner told the experienced digger his collection was worth sharing with others—particularly as the gems and crystals were only collecting dust.

He began posting videos and photos of his findings and quickly found this to be true.

COLEMAN: And I would show it the way I would want to see it. I liked seeing crystals pulled out of the ground. You know, so people get to see how it was found. Not just me showing off a crystal.

As viewers interacted with the videos, Coleman invited them out to his dig sites to extend his expertise to a wider group of people. He wasn’t just going to give away crystals. Instead, he was going to teach people the beauty of the process and let them find their own.

COLEMAN: You know, and that's the most beautiful part because I want the people to find an emerald. I found an emerald small, you know, but I'm happy. You know, but I want the people to find an emerald. And it's not about fame, or glory. It's just about hey, you know, I'm helping the people. Nobody helped me growing up. You know, nobody helped me for seven years in the backyard. I did it all by myself.

Not everyone finds an emerald on their first time out. Some never find one. But when they do, no one is more excited for them than Daniel Coleman. And he says that attitude is worth more than the entire fortune of gems he has found over the years.

COLEMAN: Always encouraging you never put anybody down in this community you know? And that's the big thing the community

Reporting for WORLD, I’m Caleb Bailey in Hiddenite, North Carolina.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Today is Thursday, February 23rd. Good morning! This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Myrna Brown.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: And I’m Paul Butler. Up next, commentator Cal Thomas on the 100th anniversary of Calvin Coolidge’s presidency.

CAL THOMAS, COMMENTATOR: How people understand history largely depends on who writes it and from what perspective.

Calvin Coolidge, our 30th president, has received what might be called a raw deal from historians like Arthur Schlesinger Jr. and Henry Steele Commager, among others. They created a caricature of Coolidge that includes blaming him for the Great Depression, which began in 1929, the year after he left office. In fact, it was the policies of his successors, Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt that turned an economic downturn into a 10-year disaster.

A symposium at the Library of Congress marking the 100th anniversary of Coolidge’s ascension to the presidency aims to change that perception. As a relative of the Coolidge family, I was among those invited to speak.

Coolidge cut taxes because he wanted the people to “have more,” but he radically reduced spending as well. He took a knife to government agencies, believing that “Under this Republic the rewards of industry belong to those who earn them.”

That sounds odd in our era of entitlement and big government. Former Indiana governor and Purdue University president Mitch Daniels called Coolidge “counter cultural, misunderstood and misrepresented by statists.” Statism in the 1920s (and again today) was rapidly advancing. Benito Mussolini ruled Italy, believing “Everything within the state; nothing outside the state; nothing against the state.”

Joseph Stalin, head of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953, launched a series of five-year plans, which led to a forced famine. Thus began a series of state interventions in all areas of life extending from Turkey to Saudi Arabia and including France and Belgium, as historian Paul Johnson has noted. Coolidge believed government should be restrained from such intrusions because the Constitution limits it.

William Beach, a commissioner at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, said Coolidge was “the greatest budget president in history,” reducing the federal debt by one-fourth. Today that debt is $31 trillion and rising. Coolidge, not to mention the Founders, would be appalled at the lack of self-control and government’s failure to live within the record amount of revenue taxpayers provide Washington.

As is the case today, progressivism was on the march in the 1920s. Between 1923 and 1929, President Coolidge, Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon and Congress repeatedly cut taxes, reducing the top marginal tax rate from 73 percent in 1920 when Warren Harding was president, to 25 percent by 1925 under Coolidge.

You can’t get more counter-cultural than that – then or today.

Speaking about the Declaration of Independence on its 150th anniversary, Coolidge said the Declaration at its core was a great “spiritual” document: “We cannot continue to enjoy the result if we neglect and abandon the cause.”

From what we see today, it appears we are doing precisely that. Do we think America can escape the fate of other nations that have followed similar paths of statism, massive national debt, uncontrolled migration and the abandonment of shared and unchanging moral principles?

As Coolidge said: “Unless the people, through unified action, arise and take charge of their government, they will find that their government has taken charge of them. Independence and liberty will be gone, and the general public will find itself in a condition of servitude to an aggregation of organized and selfish interest.”

I’m Cal Thomas.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: Tomorrow: the Church of England’s national assembly voted to let clergy bless same-sex marriages and civil partnerships. We’ll talk about it with John Stonestreet.

And, Collin Garbarino reviews Jesus Revolution—a film about the 1970’s Jesus Movement.

Plus, your listener feedback.

That and more tomorrow.

I’m Paul Butler.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: And I’m Myrna Brown. The World and Everything in It comes to you from WORLD Radio.

WORLD’s mission is biblically objective journalism that informs, educates, and inspires.

The Bible says: With a freewill offering I will sacrifice to you; I will give thanks to your name, O LORD, for it is good. For he has delivered me from every trouble. (Psalm 54:6-7a ESV)

Go now in grace and peace.

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