The World and Everything in It: February 1, 2023

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Good morning!

Security at the Supreme Court is lacking, but what can be done about it if ethics are also missing?

NICK EICHER, HOST: We’ll talk about that ahead on Washington Wednesday.

Also today, World Tour.

Plus, one man’s acts of kindness becoming contagious.

REICHARD: It’s Wednesday, February 1st. This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Mary Reichard.

EICHER: And I’m Nick Eicher. Good morning!

REICHARD: Now news. Here’s Kent Covington.

KENT COVINGTON, NEWS ANCHOR: Blinken West Bank » Secretary of State Tony Blinken just wrapped up a two-day visit to the Middle East, where he urged the Palestinians and Israel to ratchet down tensions.

BLINKEN: I heard both from Palestinians, including President Abbas, as well as from Israelis, some ideas for how we can move that forward.

As Blinken departed, he said U.S. diplomats would remain behind to try and help “calm things down.”

He also reiterated the long-term U.S. goal of working toward a solution that would establish a Palestinian state alongside Israel. And he announced more U.S. aid for Palestinians through the United Nations.

BLINKEN: Today I can announce that we’re going to be providing an additional $50 million dollars.

Blinken’s Middle East visit came at an especially tense time—ending a month in which Israel raided a West Bank refugee camp to arrest terror suspects and a gunman attacked a synagogue in East Jerusalem in retaliation.

The incidents overshadowed what was meant to be a mission to establish working relations with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s and his new government. Instead, Blinken spent much of his time trying to defuse tensions.

Debt limit » President Biden and Republican House Speaker Kevin McCarthy will meet at the White House today… to talk about raising the nation’s debt ceiling.

Biden called on McCarthy to bring with him a list proposed budget cuts from something Democratic lawmakers have asked for.

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer.

SCHUMER: Republicans have done a lot of talking about cuts. But when it comes to actually showing us a plan for avoiding default, they're playing a dangerous game. Republicans, it is time to come out of hiding. put pen to paper and show us your plan.

Democrats want Republican lawmakers to raise the nation’s credit card limit without conditions.

But Speaker McCarthy says Congress must rein in its overspending before raising the debt ceiling again.

MCCARTHY: I think if we could find common ground, we could find a lot of savings in the spending of government you could save the hardworking taxpayers their money, but also puts America in the stronger economic position.

The government would default on its debts sometime this summer unless the two sides reach an agreement.

Santos » McCarthy also weighed in on the scandal surrounding Congressman George Santos who admitted to lying about his background on the campaign trail.

The GOP lawmaker says he is recusing himself from his committee assignments.

McCarthy said Santos will sit on the sidelines until he clears ongoing ethics probes.

McCARTHY: The voters have elected him. They'll have a voice here in Congress. And until he answers all those questions, then he'll—At that time, then he will be seated on the committees.

While Santos is bowing out of committee roles, he said that’s as far as he’ll go.

REPORTER: Are you considering resigning?

SANTOS: No. I am not...

Local and federal investigators are also looking into his campaign finances.

COVID emergency to end » President Biden says he will end two COVID-related states of emergency in May. WORLD’s Lauren Canterberry has more.

LAUREN CANTERBERRY, REPORTER: The Biden administration will pull the plug on the national and public health emergency declarations on May 11th—more than three years after they began.

Ending the declarations will loosen the government’s involvement in vaccine development and end access to free at-home tests.

House Republicans unveiled two bills this week that would cancel the emergency states immediately.

But Biden said he wants to give institutions at least 60 days to prepare for the change.

For WORLD, I’m Lauren Canterberry

Ukraine fighter jets » Ukraine is once again asking Western allies to provide F-16 fighter jets to Kyiv. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said his military needs to bolster its air force ahead of an expected Russian offensive.

But the White House says the Pentagon is giving Ukraine what it needs. National Security Council spokesman John Kirby:

KIRBY: We are constantly talking to the Ukrainians and we are constantly talking to our allies and partners about capabilities that Ukraine needs, and that we and/or they can help provide Ukraine.

The United States and its allies have so far refused to send warplanes to Ukraine, for worries that it could cause tensions between Russia and the West to boil over.

747 goodbye » Boeing yesterday delivered the last 747 airplane the company will ever build. The delivery the end of the production of one of the world's most widely used planes.

Desi Evans worked on the very first Boeing 747 ever produced.

EVANS: I'm very very happy and I'm at the same time, sad because we don't like to see it come to an end because it's such a wonderful is the word they use iconic airplane but eventually it's like so many airplanes you finally meet a time where you have to move on right.

Since it first took to the air more than 50 years ago, the giant yet graceful 747 has served as a cargo plane and commercial aircraft—transporting everything from NASA space shuttles to the President of the United States.

The plane helped airlines establish direct routes between previously unconnected cities across the globe and made air travel more affordable for the average person.

Pakistan update » The death toll in a mosque bombing in Pakistan has risen to roughly a hundred people, with more than 200 others injured. Officials say the roof of the mosque collapsed in the explosion, trapping many inside.

The mosque was in a police compound in the city of Peshawar. Authorities are investigating how a suicide bomber got inside Monday morning.

PAKISTAN: [in Urdu] Obviously, there was a security lapse…

One official is says it’s clear there was a security lapse, and those responsible will be punished. Pakistan blames a local Taliban affiliate for the bombing.

I’m Kent Covington. Straight ahead on Washington Wednesday: security and ethics at the Supreme Court.

Plus, World Tour with Onize Ohikere.

This is The World and Everything in It.

NICK EICHER, HOST: It’s Wednesday, the first of February, 2023. Glad to have you along for today’s edition of The World and Everything in It. Good morning, I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard. It’s time for Washington Wednesday.

U.S. Supreme Court Marshal Gail Curley led an eight-month investigation into the leak of the draft Dobbs opinion. She didn’t turn up the culprit.

EICHER: Marshal Curley’s report did uncover plenty of problems with the security protocols of the high court—unsecured printers, no formal documents policy, and misunderstood ethical standards.

Joining us to talk about it is Alexander Volokh, a law professor and former Supreme Court clerk. He now teaches at Emory University School of Law.

REICHARD: Professor Volokh, thank you for joining us today.

ALEXANDER VOLOKH, GUEST: Thanks very much.

REICHARD: Well, as clerk for both Justices Sandra Day O’Connor and Samuel Alito back in the day, you know the procedures. Tell us what typically happens when a draft opinion is ready to circulate among the justices… who prints it off, and where does it go?

VOLOKH: Yeah, so my clerking experience was from the 2005-2006 term. So that was a while ago. But I wouldn't be surprised if things are still pretty similar now, or at least, were pretty similar until just before the leak. Basically, there are some ways in which the Supreme Court takes security very seriously and other ways that things were wide open, and basically just policed by people's honor. So, for example, they were very concerned about being connected to the internet. Because if you're connected to the internet, presumably someone could hack in. So there were two separate systems. And if you wanted to check your email, you were on the internet connected system. But if you wanted to deal with internal court documents, you're on the non-internet connected system. And if there was any reason why you wanted to transfer, you had to put it on a thumb drive and move it from one system to another system. So in that sense, there was security against outsiders trying to hack in, much in the same way that there was security about people coming into the building. The security was pretty stringent to come into the building, and even to walk the halls if you didn't have a badge or were accompanied by someone with a badge. So those are some obvious things that they did and maybe had done for a long time. On the other hand, once an opinion is circulated through the internal email system, then anybody could basically print it out if they were a justice or if they were a law clerk. And when people were working on their opinions, they could print out their successive drafts. And once something was printed out, then there was nothing to prevent anyone from walking it out of the building and giving it to somebody. And even if there were, there would be nothing to prevent, in the future, somebody from taking a photograph with their cell phone and sending it to somebody. There are all sorts of potential security measures that were never taken and it's actually difficult to imagine what kind of security measures would really be effective against someone who was bent on getting a document out to the outside world. This is the same sort of thing that has been going on a long time within Congress, within the executive branch, and the only thing that's made it hold as long as it has is that the federal judiciary is smaller, and is more closely knit, and maybe has had historically a greater sense, a greater internalized sense of its own ethics code. But when it came to something like the Dobbs opinion, which was definitely one of the most significant opinions of this generation, and something which had obvious political ramifications for the presidential election and every other election, that was something where it was easy to see how someone's internalized ethical sense would not be enough and it only takes one person out of everyone who had access for that sort of thing to break down.

REICHARD: And what’s your impression of how Marshal Curley conducted this investigation?

VOLOKH: Well, I have to say I don't have any experience in how to conduct investigations. And so I don't personally have any view of how it should have been done. But based on what I've seen and read since then, I can say a few things. Number one is as a matter of the bottom line, I think it's totally unsurprising that the marshal did not find who did this. Because like I've said, this is something that was very easy to do, and very difficult to detect, and very easy for someone to deny. So unless someone confessed, or someone else who knew turned in the other person, then it's hard to see how this would have been found. That said, people have raised what seem to me plausible objections to how it was done. For example, if you're going to do an investigation, you shouldn't have internal people do the internal investigation, because they might be in a position where they have to be investigating their own bosses. And that's a conflict of interest. And they might treat their own bosses with kid gloves. This is the sort of thing where maybe it would have been better to bring in an outside firm. They had Michael Chertoff, who was a former judge and also former Secretary of Homeland Security, wrote a letter where he said he thought the investigation was well done. And so you can ask well, why not bring in Chertoff for him to have done the investigation in the first place? There also seem to be some cases where the investigators really treated people very rigorously and other cases where they didn't. For example, many people had to sign a statement under oath that said that they didn't participate. And once you sign a statement under oath, then it's found that you've done it, not only do you have all the original penalties, but also you have extra penalties for lying under oath. They didn't demand that of the justices themselves. And even though they knew that some employees had talked to their spouses about the case, and sometimes they may have been under the impression that it was okay to talk to your spouse, that that was a kind of exception to confidentiality, but they didn't talk to spouses, they didn't talk to justices' spouses. And so some people have pointed to some loopholes in the investigation. But that said, even if the investigation had been done in a way that was in every way perfect, it's hard for me to see how they would have found who did it unless someone confessed, or someone turned someone in.

REICHARD: Let’s talk about what ifs. What if the leaker is still roaming around the Supreme Court? What’ll that mean for the court trying to work in this environment?

VOLOKH: I'm sure the leaker still is there. Or rather, the leaker might have been a clerk, in which case since clerks only work for one year, then that clerk has been gone since the summer. But it could be that the leaker was one of the justices and, of course, justices are around for the long term. Could be that the leaker was a secretary or a chamber's aide, or there are a number of people who would have had access to the document. But I think the more important thing is not the specific identity of the leaker and what if that person is there, just like in the executive branch, we know that there have been a lot of leaks. The question is not what's the effect of that leaker being there? But what's the effect of having a culture where you know that anyone in the future might be a future leaker? There's a reason for this kind of confidentiality, which is that justices should feel comfortable signing on to initial documents that eventually get changed, or that their clerks write an initial draft, which might go through successive revisions before it even becomes the view of the justice. And if that process of writing were put under scrutiny, then everyone on the outside would ask, well, who wrote this word? Why did this paragraph change? What kind of pressure was put on this person to change their view. It would mean that people would just be a lot less honest about their initial views, and they would put a lot fewer things down on paper. And that's the sort of concern that is present for confidentiality in a presidential administration. It's present in attorney-client privilege discussions. It's present when you talk about why you should have confidentiality in the legislative branch. Anytime you undermine confidentiality, you undermine people's sense that it's okay to speak your mind and play around with ideas before you finally commit yourself to a final product. And I think that's just a kind of systemic concern that people would be looking over their shoulder afraid that something that they say or write could make it into the Washington Post.

REICHARD: If caught, are there any legal penalties for violating that confidentiality? Whether intentional or through negligence.

VOLOKH: Well, yes, I think most of the laws involved were not written with this thing in mind. But I think that there are certain laws about confidentiality that could come into play. And then in addition, if the person was one of those who was made to sign the statement under oath, then in addition, that means they violated the statement under oath. And then there are extra fraud penalties for violating that.

REICHARD: Alexander Volokh teaches at Emory University School of Law. Professor, thank you so much!

VOLOKH: Thank you very much.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Coming up next on The World and Everything in It: World Tour with Onize Ohikere, World’s reporter in Africa.

ONIZE OHIKERE, REPORTER: Eswatini funeral — We begin this week’s World Tour in the southern African nation of Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland.

AUDIO: [Mourners singing]

Hundreds of mourners and political activists sang and prayed together for Thulani Maseko, a 52-year-old human rights lawyer who was murdered last week. Unidentified gunmen shot him through the window of his home.

Maseko fiercely criticized the government of the tiny landlocked nation that’s home to Africa’s last absolute monarchy. Eswatini has long cracked down on dissent. It banned political parties in 1973.

AUDIO: [Singing]

Maseko was also a senior member of PUDEMO, a political movement pushing for a constitutional, multiparty democracy.

Hours before Maseko’s murder, King Mswati III warned activists who defy him not to shed tears about mercenaries killing them.

Briggs Bomba is the programs director of Trust Africa, a pro-democracy foundation.

BOMBA: What needs to be done is to support the people of Swaziland in their aspirations for freedom and democracy and justice and the starting point must be ensuring that perpetrators of heinous acts such as the assassination of Thulani Maseko are held to account.

Maseko’s death also drew in activists from other African countries, as well as diplomatic envoys from the West and the United Nations.

They called for an impartial investigation and prosecution of the culprits.

Madagascar flooding — We head over to Madagascar.

AUDIO: [Water flowing]

The island nation is still battling with the effects of a severe tropical storm that made landfall last week.

Storm Cheneso has killed at least 25 people and displaced nearly 38,000.

The storm flooded rivers, destroyed crops, and damaged buildings.

AUDIO: [Speaking Malagasy]

This farmer says he has to start replanting again after losing all of his crops, including cassava, rice, and groundnut.

Cheneso is the first tropical storm of the current cyclone season in southern Africa, which typically runs from November to April.

Myanmar opium spike — Next, to Myanmar, also known as Burma, where the military took over exactly two years ago.

The United Nations says the country is witnessing an opium production surge. Opium production increased by more than 30 percent last year, the first full growing season since the coup.

U.N. Representative Jeremy Douglas:

DOUGLAS: What we’re seeing is people returning to the employment opportunity that they have available to them in rural areas particularly in the north and in border areas and that happens to be opium.

The UN added that ongoing violence in Myanmar has also affected drug eradication raids.

The military junta has detained more than 17,000 people and killed nearly 3,000 others since the coup.

Haiti violence — We wrap up today in Haiti, where protesters have decried rising gang violence against police.

AUDIO: [Protesters yelling]

Police officers and other civilians set fires and marched in the capital city of Port-au-Prince in protest. Armed gangs last week killed six officers in an attack on a police headquarters in the north of the country.

Authorities shut down schools after protesters disrupted air traffic and tried to storm the prime minister’s residence. Gangs control much of Haiti and continue to kidnap people for ransom. Criminals have killed at least 14 police officers this year alone.

That’s it for this week’s World Tour. Reporting for WORLD, I’m Onize Ohikere in Abuja, Nigeria.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Maybe you’ve noticed this trend? Fist bumps have replaced the handshake as a common greeting—perhaps because of pandemic-era germ phobia.

Whatever the reason, fist-bumping is now a competitive sport.

RUSH: It's resulted in some bloody knuckles…

Especially when you do it over and over.

A man from Idaho is the current record holder for the most fist bumps in a minute with different people—oddly specific. David Rush paired up with his neighbor's son Joey Hannon to set a new record for number of alternating fist bumps in half a minute.

Rush shared a video this weekend of the record breaking attempt:

RUSH: I've literally punched this kid thousands of times and he's put up with it...

3-2-1 GO!

AUDIO: [SOUND OF ALTERNATING FIST BUMPS]

Rush learned early to take off his wedding ring as it began to act like brass knuckles during training.

RUSH: That is 297 fist bumps in 30 seconds. 24 of them had to be disqualified because they didn't meet the fist bump qualifications set by Guinness. New record 273 fist bumps in 30 seconds.

After the pair broke the record, there was this awkward moment of how to celebrate? A high-five? One more fist bump?

It’s The World and Everything in It.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Today is Wednesday, February 1st. Thank you for turning to WORLD Radio to help start your day.

Good morning. I’m Mary Reichard.

NICK EICHER, HOST: And I’m Nick Eicher. Coming next on The World and Everything in It: making a difference.

Hody Childress lived in Geraldine, Alabama, a small town with a population of only 910. Every month, Childress would visit the local pharmacy and anonymously pay people’s bills. Now, that habit is having ripple effects across the globe. Here’s WORLD reporter Amy Lewis with his story.

TANIA: He was a very generous, giving, loving man. He was God-fearing. He read his Bible and prayed every day. I would say he tried to live his life by the Bible…

AMY LEWIS, REPORTER: That’s Tania Nix, Hody Childress’s daughter. For fifty years, Childress farmed hay and soybeans and corn in rural northeastern Alabama. But he suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD. That’s a condition that restricts airflow to the lungs.

But his health didn’t stop him from mowing neighbors’ yards or sharing his garden vegetables. He sent cards to friends and family every week, often with money tucked inside. But then he got really sick.

TANIA: Probably for the last three months of Dad’s life I was pretty much the primary caregiver, me and another lady.

Even though he was bedridden toward the end of his life, he didn’t want to stop doing what he’d been doing for years.

TANIA: I went to the drugstore and the bank and grocery store for my dad. One day I was getting ready to go when he looked at me and said, “I’ve been doing something for a while, and I’d like to continue doing this as long as I’m alive.”

At that point, he could only walk from the wheelchair to the bed.

His daughter asked what it was he wanted to continue doing.

TANIA: That’s when he told me, ‘I’ve been carrying a $100 bill at the first of the month to the drugstore. And I give it to Brooke. And she has the liberty to do what she chooses to help someone with it. And I told her just to say it’s a blessing from the Lord.’

Nix dutifully took the money to Brooke Walker, the drugstore owner. Just weeks later, Childress passed away on January 1st.

It was only at Childress’s funeral that the full story of his kindness and generosity began to unfold.

TANIA: I guess I was just very moved that, that he’d been doing that, so I wanted to share that at the funeral home. And after I shared it, my cousin happened to be there, which was a personal friend of Brooke’s. So she reached out to Brooke… so that sort of opened the door for Brooke to share her story.

Here’s what Brooke Walker told NPR’s All Things Considered.

BROOKE: He just came into the pharmacy one day, and that's when he asked me if anyone ever has trouble paying for their medications. And he handed me a bill, and he said, the next time that happens, will you use this?

He insisted on being anonymous. He told Walker:

BROOKE: ‘I don't want them to know who I am, and I don't want to know who they are, and just tell them that it's a blessing from the Lord.’ So I thought that was a one-time gift.

But he came into the drugstore and gave her a folded $100 bill on the first day of every month—for almost 10 years.

WALKER: And since then, we've had people come and say, oh, my goodness, I was a recipient of that money. And now they know who it was from.

But that’s not what Childress originally wanted.

TANIA: I know he would not want to be recognized for what he done. He had told me that in the Bible it said don’t let your right hand know what your left hand does. So I know it wasn’t for recognition.

He wanted to help those who needed it the most.

TANIA: I felt like Dad wanted to give people hope. He wanted people to know that they were loved and that they were cared about and that he was just trying to help the best that he could, anybody he could.

The ripple effects of his generosity started even before Childress passed away. Brook Walker says one young mom came into the pharmacy and couldn’t afford the medication.

WALKER: …And so we were able to use the fund for that. But what blew me away is a few months later, she came back into the pharmacy, and she paid that money forward. And I know that Hody, he made a difference in her life…

Childress’s son Doug Childress told MSNBC…

DOUG: There’s a lot more to Daddy than this one story. Daddy done a lot for everybody.

His daughter Tania Nix says her dad’s actions didn’t surprise her.

TANIA: I may have been surprised at how long it had been happening. But he was that kind of man. So I was very proud and very humbled. And it made me want to be a better person and me do better.

Walker says others are picking up where Childress left off by sending in donations to the newly established “Hody’s Heart Fund.” When a man living in Georgia heard about the influx of donations, he told Walker he would contact his local pharmacy to set up a Hody Childress fund there.

He’s not alone in taking Hody’s hint. The employees of James Bar-B-Q in Childress’s town of Geraldine are donating their tips for the next month. They will go toward the medical expenses of a local 14-year-old boy recently diagnosed with cancer.

Drugstore owner Brooke Walker wishes she had told Hody Childress how much his actions and faith affected her life and how blessed she was to know him.

Childress’ daughter Tania Nix says her dad’s simple act of generosity has turned into something she never dreamed would happen.

TANIA: …but I feel like that it has inspired so many people to want to help in their communities and to want to give that they can find a little bit can go a long ways. It can help a lot of people.

Reporting for WORLD, I’m Amy Lewis.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Today is Wednesday, February 1st. Good morning! This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard. Time now to welcome back a commentator who’s been on hiatus for a while. Scratch that! Too long!

Here’s Ryan Bomberger with a look at the racial disparities of abortion and one American hero who saw through abortion propaganda.

RYAN BOMBERGER, COMMENTATOR: “Nobody’s free until everybody’s free.” It’s a quote from the late voting rights and anti-poverty freedom fighter, Fannie Lou Hamer. Planned Parenthood and pro-abortion activists love to quote her but ignore what drove her worldview. She was a pro-life, adoptive mother who hated abortion. She said “legal abortion is legal murder” and called it “genocide” in her 1971 speech, “Is It Too Late?”.

Hamer explained: “And I am the twentieth child. And so help me God, I respect my mother so much that they didn’t have them birth control pills because if they had them I probably wouldn’t be standing here today. So as I made that narrow escape to be here, I fight for the other kids too to give them a chance. Because if you give them a chance they might come up being Fannie Lou Hamers and something else.”

February is Black History Month where we celebrate dreamers and doers. You can’t be remembered if you’re violently dismembered. How many trailblazers, of any hue, have we lost to the violence of abortion?

In 2020, Black people were 12.1% of America’s population yet comprised an alarming 39.2% of all abortions. White people were 61.1% of the population yet represented a much lower 32.7% of abortions. This reproductive violence is epidemic in the black community. Planned Parenthood, absurdly rebranding itself as an anti-racist organization, kills more black people than any form of “white supremacy” ever. Their version of “freedom” is ensuring that the most vulnerable black lives never get to breathe, never get to dream, never get to vote, and never get to prove that their lives matter.

So-called feminists say abortion is important for maternal health. In 2020, there were a total of 861 maternal deaths. The maternal mortality rate for black women (55.3 per 100,000 live births) was 2.9 times higher than for white women and 3 times higher than for Hispanic women in 2020. But high blood pressure disorders are the leading causes of death among black mothers. The CDC’s own maternal mortality review committee doesn’t recommend abortion as a solution but reports these maternal deaths are “highly preventable” especially with better prenatal care.

Pro-abortion activists ignore the fact that maternal mortality rates drastically plummeted 95 percent between 1915 and 1964. The rate dropped from 728 deaths per 100,000 live births to a rate of 33.3 deaths per 100,000 live births, before birth control and abortion became legal. The CDC credits medical breakthroughs like penicillin for this incredible decline. We can’t abort our way out of maternal mortality. We can, however, reduce these tragic deaths with better healthcare and self-care.

Fannie Lou Hamer was forcibly sterilized by a doctor sharing the same racist eugenics ideas that birthed Planned Parenthood. She had no love for the organization that violently denies millions of children their chance to become someone to remember.

Nobody’s free until the truth sets them free.

I’m Ryan Bomberger.

NICK EICHER, HOST: Tomorrow: Criminalizing abortion-seekers. The rise in chemical abortions is prompting some to advocate for legal penalties for pregnant mothers.

And we’ll hear about one couple’s creative ministry to medical patients…

That and more tomorrow.

I’m Nick Eicher.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard.

The World and Everything in It comes to you from WORLD Radio.

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Go now in grace and peace.

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