The World and Everything in It: August 29, 2024

PREROLL: The World and Everything in It is made possible by listeners like us. I'm Steve Pizzini and I live in Jonesboro, Georgia. I'm a project manager for a commercial roofing company and an aspiring voiceover talent. I hope you enjoy today's program.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Good morning! A new Trump indictment. How does it square with the Supreme Court’s ruling on presidential immunity?

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: We’ll talk about it with a legal expert. Also, schools try out policies — banning smartphones from classrooms.

BUCK: I’ve been in schools that both ban them and don't ban them, and the contrast is stark.

And we’ll hear from a woman who spent decades translating the Bible for a people group far from her homeland.

SOHN: When I met difficulties or problems or other things, I prayed to God. And God always answered me and guided me.

And WORLD commentator Cal Thomas on a new film.

BROWN: It’s Thursday, August 29th. This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Myrna Brown.

BUTLER: And I’m Paul Butler. Good morning!

BROWN: Up next, Kent Covington with today’s news.

KENT COVINGTON, NEWS ANCHOR: FBI trump shooting investigation » The FBI is revealing new details in its investigation of last month’s assassination attempt against Donald Trump at a Pennsylvania rally.

FBI special agent Kevin Rojek:

ROJEK:  We believe the subject engaged in detailed attack planning well in advance of the campaign rally. We continue to pursue all investigative leads to determine any possible links to co-conspirators.

Investigators have assembled a detailed picture of what the shooter did. But they still don’t know why he did it, even after conducting more than 1,000 interviews.

ROJEK:  We see no definitive ideology associated with our subject, either left leaning or right leaning. 

Rojek said the shooter had searched online for events of both Trump and President Biden.

One attendee at the political rally was killed.

Investigations are also ongoing into the failure of the Secret Service to prevent the shooting.

SOUND: [Israeli vehicles]

Israel-Hezbollah » Israeli vehicles moved through the West Bank Wednesday as troops carried out airstrikes and other operations there. Israeli Defense Forces — or IDF — described it as a large-scale counterterrorism operation.

Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited troops in northern Israel along the border with Lebanon.

NETANYAHU: [In Hebrew]

The prime minister said the IDF thwarted a surprise attack by Hezbollah and destroyed thousands of short-range rockets aimed at Galilee and the Golan Heights.

His visit comes even as the UN voted to extend a peacekeeping mission in Lebanon over the objections of U.S. officials. U.S. Ambassador Robert Wood says global leaders should hold Lebanon accountable for allowing Hezbollah’s attacks on Israel.

WOOD: It is wrong that this Council has yet to condemn Hezbollah for these repeated, destabilizing actions, and we regret that a small minority of Council members blocked the Council from doing so in this mandate renewal.

Israel’s ambassador told reporters the Lebanese people face a stark choice: Stop the attacks or watch as their country is dragged into chaos.

Mexico Embassy » Mexico’s president says he has put relations with the United States and Canadian embassies “on pause” after the two countries voiced concerns over a proposed controversial judicial overhaul.

President Andrés Manuel López Obrador didn’t elaborate on what a pause would mean.

He has reacted angrily to the U.S. and Canadian governments expressing concern over the judicial changes.

Last Thursday, U.S. ambassador Ken Salazar called the proposal a “risk” to democracy that would endanger Mexico’s commercial relationship with the U.S.

Palin appeals court » Former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin will have her day in court against the New York Times. WORLD’s Christina Grube reports.

CHRISTINA GRUBE: A federal appeals court has overturned a 2022 ruling that had tossed out Palin’s defamation case against the Times.

She sued the paper for improperly linking her to a fatal 2011 shooting in Arizona in which Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords was seriously injured.

And three-judge panel said the one-time GOP vice presidential nominee deserves a new trial. The court noted several errors by the presiding judge in 2022. It said the judge accidentally excluded evidence and incorrectly answered a legal question asked during deliberations.

For WORLD, I’m Christina Grube.

Supreme Court student debt plan » Meantime, the Supreme Court on Wednesday rejected a request by the Biden-Harris administration to allow the cancellation of billions of dollars in student debt owed to the government.

The administration has asked the high court to allow it to move forward with the plan … as the legal battle plays out.

The 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals had already blocked it.

The estimated price tag of the plan ranges from roughly $300 to $500 billion dollars.

U.S. Weather » Extreme heat is gripping communities across the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions.

Dr. Tom Brozek with the Endeavor Health Swedish Hospital in Chicago warned residents to look out for symptoms of heat-related illness.

BROZEK: I think it begins early with just these vague symptoms of headache and not feeling well, feeling fatigued. But it can soon escalate into more serious side effects, such as confusion.

Public schools in Chicago canceled outdoor activities. The National Weather Service issued heat warnings in a dozen states.

I’m Kent Covington.

Straight ahead: An updated indictment against Donald Trump. Plus, Bible translation in Southeast Asia.

This is The World and Everything in It.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: It’s Thursday the 29th of August.

Glad to have you along for today’s edition of The World and Everything in It. Good morning, I’m Myrna Brown.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: And I’m Paul Butler.

Well as you may have heard on Tuesday, our colleague Mary Reichard is slowly making her way back to the program following her heart procedure earlier this month.

Lord willing, she’ll return as co-host in the weeks ahead. But today, she has a conversation with a legal expert about developments in one of the cases against former President Donald Trump.

BROWN: On Tuesday, special counsel Jack Smith filed a revised version of an indictment charging former President Donald Trump with obstruction and conspiracy during the events of January 6, 2021.

This comes after the Supreme Court ruled last month that presidents have broad immunity for official acts.

BUTLER: Here now to talk about it with Mary Reichard is constitutional scholar and Manhattan Institute Senior Fellow, Ilya Shapiro

MARY REICHARD: Ilya, good morning.

ILYA SHAPIRO: Good to be back with you, Mary.

REICHARD: So Ilya, does the new indictment clear the Supreme Court’s legal hurdles?

SHAPIRO: Ultimately, it'll be up to a jury, I suppose, or to courts evaluating what's being the charges as alleged. What's different here isn't the charges themselves. There's some speculation that maybe two of the four would be dropped. They weren't, but the factual predicates, that is, the allegations of what Trump did that constituted a violation of those federal laws that constituted federal crimes, those changed. So any reference to the President talking to Justice Department officials or anyone else in the executive branch was removed because that is the core of what the Supreme Court said was absolutely immune with respect to presidential actions.

REICHARD: Ok, and just to clarify, some lay people may be confused by this. Double jeopardy does not apply here, because a trial jury was not yet impaneled. Correct?

SHAPIRO: That's correct. This is all pre-jury, pretrial skirmishes over what are the correct charges? What does the President have immunity for? And other issues like, for example, whether Jack Smith, the special prosecutor, was even properly appointed in the first place. The judge in the Florida case, Aileen Cannon, ruled in a 90 page opinion that he was not. So that's up on appeal and continues to be a separate issue in this DC prosecution.

REICHARD: You know, I want to go back to that Supreme Court decision last month on presidential immunity. How did that affect the January 6 case? I know we talked about official versus unofficial acts. How is it that Jack Smith files this new indictment and he gets to decide what's an official versus an unofficial act?

SHAPIRO: Well, he's he's reading the case, and he's responding to it, and he, as a prosecutor, is using what, what is supposed to be his good faith effort to remove anything that the Supreme Court said was absolutely immune, while maintaining things that over which there will be legal skirmishes. And lower courts are to determine, the Supreme Court said, whether certain kinds of actions or communications are indeed official acts, or whether the prosecutor rebut the presumption, as the Supreme Court put it, that they are immune.

REICHARD: So this requires trial and time, right? So how is it that Jack Smith can take out some and leave the rest? For example, I'm thinking of Trump's communications with his then Vice President, Mike Pence. All of that stuff's still in there.

SHAPIRO: Right. Well, there's an open question there. If Pence was acting as part of the legislative branch, as the President of the Senate in that context, rather than as vice president, then that's interbranch communications, which might not be immune. The Supreme Court speculated without deciding ultimately. So you know, a lot of Trump supporters hailed the Supreme Court opinion as essentially letting Trump off scott free or vindicating him. A lot of Trump's opponents wailed that it was putting somebody above the law. Neither is the case. It was a fairly narrow and vague or ambiguous opinion that left a lot for lower courts to determine, whether with respect to Trump in the January 6 case, or in future with other types of presidential actions.

REICHARD: Okay, let's talk about it. It was in late June that the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Fisher versus United States, and that said the obstruction statute is not at issue as applied to the Capitol rioters. That is also still in this new indictment from Jack Smith. How can that still be in there as to Trump?

SHAPIRO: Well, what the rioters were doing, or the the alleged, you know, the people who were charged with trespassing and breaking various regulations with respect to the Capitol, the court found that the financial regulations there were improperly applied, as opposed to them. Jack Smith presumably has a theory of how what the people at the Capitol were doing were engaged in different types of criminal activity than what Donald Trump was doing in directing them, or otherwise, whatever his theory of the case is. So, certainly Fisher also harmed the prosecutor's case. But again, that's yet another thing for a court to decide in the future.

REICHARD: We are a little bit over 60 days out now from the presidential election. Ilya, do you think it mattered to Smith and his decision to bring this new indictment now?

SHAPIRO: Well, I'm sure he wanted to do it as soon as he could. It took a little while. The immunity decision came down July 1, so it took him almost two months to come up with with it. You know, the timing is what the timing is. Once the decision by the Justice Department was made and by Smith was made to pursue this and to indict and to take the case to trial, he had to continue with it. It was very highly unlikely in any scenario that after the Supreme Court opinion that Smith, at that point, would say, "Oh, well, now we're too close to the election, we're just going to abandon this altogether."

REICHARD: I do understand, though, that the DOJ has some kind of an unwritten rule to avoid election interference within two months of an election. So, here we are a little over 60 days, two months before the election. Do you think that figured in?

SHAPIRO: Again, this isn't a brand new indictment. If they were considering a brand new one on based on different activities, different different criminal laws, that would have been a greater consideration. But here he's responding to a Supreme Court opinion. You know, the delay was not through any fault of his, and it just, it just is what it is. So, I don't think in this case, that was that played a role, or that we should, you know, criticize or laud his, his handling of that, that internal policy.

REICHARD: One last question here. A lingering matter, I think in many people's minds, is that what some people call Trump's election interference with regard to January 6, other people call it rooting out election fraud, and they see what Jack Smith is doing as election interference. What say you?

SHAPIRO: Yeah, where you stand can be often be where you sit. And certainly the allegations relating to January 6 are different than the allegations of interference in Georgia, for example, in that state case regarding allegedly improperly pressuring state officials or doing other things in violation of Georgia election law. So, it's unfortunate that all of these prosecutions have been tainted by Alvin Bragg's prosecution in New York. Remember the long ago payoff of the porn star of supposedly violating campaign finance rules while also violating business records rules by using the go between Michael Cohen---all this convoluted story for which, nevertheless, there was a conviction, but plainly political and kind of tainted everything else that's been going the lawfare, so to speak, that's been filed against the former president.

REICHARD: Ilya Shapiro is a senior fellow and director of Constitutional Studies at the Manhattan Institute. Ilya, thanks so much.

SHAPIRO: My pleasure. Take care.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Coming up next on The World and Everything in It: no phones in class.

A new academic year is here and schools all across the U.S. are requiring students to put away their phones. Many educators point to growing expert concerns about how constant smartphone access affects students—especially while at school.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: Will the new rules help students or create new problems? WORLD’s Education Beat reporter Lauren Dunn has the story.

SOUND: [ARRIVING AT SCHOOL AND WALKING INTO OFFICE]

LAUREN DUNN: La Moille Jr./Sr. High School in North-central Illinois has long had an electronic device policy on the books, but staff and teachers knew it was in need of an update as student cell phone use in the classroom was getting distracting.

Emily Leffelman is school principal.

EMILY LEFFELMAN: I know Snapchat notifications were constantly, ding, ding, ding.

Student Sadie Quest is a senior.

SADIE QUEST: Last year it was really hectic with all the phone usage in class. Teachers were having trouble teaching and it just made for a really unorganized class.

So after surveying the teachers and staff, administrators proposed a new policy approved by the school board for this academic year.

LEFFELMAN: Where’s it at? Hmmm, oh, right here.

In her office, Principal Leffelman reaches for the school handbook. She’s looking up the exact wording…

LEFFELMAN: Here, Cell Phone Privileges. It’s just under the guidelines. So it’s permitted at lunch and study hall. No pictures or videos allowed…

As students enter each class, the first thing they do is drop their powered down phones into a pocketed organizer hanging near the door.

LEFFELMAN: If you peak in here to the right, this teacher keeps it hung just on a hook. We even have some teachers that during the passing period, they'll just hold it at the door. So it's not something that's forgotten.

Schools across the country are also wrestling with best practices.

DANIEL BUCK: I’ve been in schools that both ban them and don't ban them, and the contrast is stark.

Daniel Buck is an assistant principal at a classical charter school in Wisconsin…and previously taught English in the Green Bay Area Public School district.

DANIEL BUCK: In the schools that kind of permit phones, you walk into a lunchroom and it's eerily quiet, kids have their necks craned down. They're not really talking to each other. The schools that ban phones, not only are they more academically rigorous and focused, but they are so much more socially and emotionally healthy too.

Buck also researches education policy at the Thomas B. Fordham Institute. He says several years’ worth of data so far show objective benefits for schools that ban phones.

BUCK: Higher standardized test scores, both in math and reading, students having fewer visits to mental health professionals, kids are exercising more at recess. They just went out there and took notes. How much time do they spend running versus staring down at their phone?

So, if the benefits of removing smartphones from classrooms are so high, why aren’t more schools doing it? Buck says part of the problem has been what he calls “techno-optimism.”

BUCK: Everyone thought that learning software and the inclusion of one-to-one computing and everything was going to revolutionize education, and it just didn't. All it did was addict kids to screens.

Another obstacle is that many parents want their children to have smartphones, in case they need to reach them in an emergency. But the biggest challenge Buck sees is a fad in education that views discipline and correction as oppressive.

BUCK: So, if you are trying to implement a prohibition or ban at the same time that you are pulling back the use of consequences, that's kind of the worst of both worlds.

Others in the education space say simply banning phones is not enough to fix deeper problems.

DIANA GRABER: You know, banning anything, we've learned throughout history, really usually doesn't work unless it goes hand in hand with the why.

Diana Graber is an author and founder of Cyber Civics. That’s a digital literacy curriculum that teaches middle schoolers about internet skills and online safety.

GRABER: And so, I think, rather than taking away their connection to the world, we need to teach them how to encounter, you know, use it in a really mindful, thoughtful, responsible way.

Graber is in favor of schools banning phones in classrooms as long as schools and parents are teaching their students how to use digital technology wisely.

GRABER: I mean, we can ban them from the classroom, but we can't ban them from the world.

SOUND: [PASSING PERIOD / STUDENTS WALKING BETWEEN CLASSROOMS]

Back in LaMoille, Illinois…school has been in session for about two weeks. How is the new cell phone policy working? The students we talked to are unanimous in their feedback. Taylor Wamhoff is a junior.

TAYLOR WAMHOFF: It's kind of good for me because I'm kind of an addict. So it's like if I can't have it then I just can't have it.

And senior Sadie Quest has noticed a difference as well.

SADIE QUEST: I feel like class time is a lot more focused and direct to the point. We don't have time wasting telling, put your phone away and all that; it's expected and class time gets started right away.

LINSEY DEERY: The kids actually are looking at the teacher paying attention to the teacher.

Linsey Deery is the staff member responsible for the social and developmental needs of the school’s students. She says it's been a huge improvement.

DEERY: They are getting what the teacher is saying compared to last year where, you know, they were looking at their phone, they were looking at the teacher looking at their phone. So it's much better.

Students are allowed to have their phones in Study Hall, but Deery has noticed an interesting trend.

LINSEY DEERY: I have to tell you even when they do come in here, they do not always get on their cell phones. So I think from us taking them away in the classrooms, it could be showing them they can live without their cell phones. And I see them involving, like talking to each other more.

For WORLD, I’m Lauren Dunn, with reporting from Paul Butler and Harrison Watters.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: Springfield, Missouri is the site of the first major civil war battle west of the Mississippi, fought more than 160 years ago.

But this week, a battle of a different sort: A bald eagle found injured along the edge of Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield. Conservation officials spent hours capturing it and then diagnosing the problem via X-ray.

Turns out, the symbol of the nation wasn’t injured at all. It had merely feasted on too much raccoon!

As the conservation department put it, “too fat to fly.”

As all aviators know, every flight has its weight limit!

It’s The World and Everything in It.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: Today is Thursday, August 29th. Thank you for turning to WORLD Radio to help start your day.

Good morning. I’m Paul Butler.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: And I’m Myrna Brown.

Coming next on The World and Everything in It: reading God’s word for the first time.

WORLD Reporter Travis Kircher comes now with a story of how one woman invested more than 20 years of her life to make that happen for others.

AUDIO: [Drums and chanting]

TRAVIS KIRCHER: In the village of Kotiak, on the south coast of the Indonesian island of Papua, a celebration is taking place. It’s May and the villagers have come together to mark an important event. Mission Aviation Fellowship Pilot Jack Gandy captured this audio.

JACK GANDY: The first day, there was, I mean, just dancing. Drums, people in traditional dress.

The villagers are celebrating the dedication of the Central Auyu Bible – the first Bible translated into their native language.

GANDY: We’d flown in the Bibles, I think, the week before. It was basically three or four flights, full of Bibles.

The woman responsible for the translation isn’t from Papua. She was born more than 4,000 miles away in South Korea.

SOHN: I was born in non-Christian family.

Myo-Sook Sohn was born in the city of Miryang in 1964 to a family of Bhuddists. When she was a little girl, she visited a local church at Christmas to get a present. There, she learned about Christ.

SOHN: So, one Sunday service, I accepted Jesus Christ as my savior. At the age of 10.

Her family wasn’t pleased with her decision.

SOHN: When I became a Christian, my parents did not allow me to go to the church service. But I pray to God by myself.

She later moved to an apartment in the town of Daegu. Her landlord was a Christian and took her to a local church. After hearing a missionary speak at a special service, she felt called to the mission field.

SOHN: At that time, it looks like very good to do the missionary job. Because Jesus loves us. And also Jesus wanted us to deliver his message.

She soon became involved with a South Korea-based ministry: Global Bible Translators. She says God directed her to translate the Bible into the Central Auyu language, a language spoken by only about 15,000 people.

But first, she had to learn the language. She moved to Papua to live with the people and engaged them in simple daily conversations.

SOHN: My goal was to practice languages with 10 people every day.

As time passed she saw how desperately they needed a Bible in their own language. The Central Auyu people had pastors, but they didn’t always get things right. She said a pastor using an Indonesian Bible to preach from Acts 5 inadvertently mangled the story of Ananius and Sapphira. Instead of teaching that the couple died because they lied to Peter and the Holy Spirit, he told his congregation they perished because they sold their land to outsiders.

SOHN: So don’t sell land to outsiders! That was the sermon! [LAUGHS]

Even worse, some of the tribal Christians were still clinging to their animistic spiritual beliefs. When one indigenous translator working with Sohn died of illness, some of the villagers blamed her. Gandy says that’s a common response.

GANDY: Whenever someone becomes unexpectedly ill, it must be witchcraft. And so they go find someone who is a witch or something like that – usually a woman, right? – and they kill her.

Sohn says that nearly happened.

SOHN: One person came to my house to kill me, but villagers stopped him. So he didn’t come down to my house.

At the time, Sohn and her staff had been working on a translation of Ephesians chapter six, the chapter about waging spiritual warfare against powers and principalities. At times, she says she had to fight her own spiritual battle, often against discouragement.

SOHN: And God always answered me and guided me, encouraged me. I think my relationship with God made me overcome all those difficulties and the struggles and other things.

AUDIO: [Tribal singing]

It all paid off in May when the MAF planes filled with Bibles began arriving in the village. Admittedly it was not the whole Bible. Sohn and her team managed to translate the entire New Testament and two books of the Old Testament. But it was all in the Central Auyu language. Sohn was there for the celebration.

SOHN: [LAUGHS] People were so much excited! I never imagine they were excited like that!

Four pigs were slaughtered for the occasion.

SOHN: That means a big feast! A big party and a big feast! [LAUGHS]

Gandy says the villagers surrounded Sohn and sang a tribal song about how the Lord had called a woman all the way from Korea to bring the Bible to a tribe most people don’t even know exists.

GANDY: But the Lord does. The Lord knows and the Lord cares for each one of these people. And I think it’s a testament to His care for all these people that he doesn’t want that one should perish.

For now, Sohn says she still has a lot of work to do training ministers to devour the feast of God’s Word.

SOHN: Pray that they will read the translated Bible every day and practice the Word of God in their daily life.

Reporting for WORLD, I’m Travis Kircher.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: Today is Thursday, August 29th, 2024. Good morning! This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Myrna Brown.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: And I’m Paul Butler. A new bio-pic of a well-loved American political figure opens tomorrow. WORLD commentator Cal Thomas says it has its flaws but worth the price of admission. Here’s Cal.

CAL THOMAS: It seems easier to portray a historical figure that no one currently living remembers. Someone closer to our own time—that’s much more challenging. In the case of “Reagan,” actor Dennis Quaid is more than up to that challenge.

Quaid avoids what could have easily been a temptation to portray Reagan as a caricature. Though he resembles the 40th president with the help of hair enhancement and makeup, Quaid’s performance does not distract from memories of those who lived through his presidency.

The film opens with real news footage of Reagan being shot as he left the Washington Hilton Hotel on March 30th, 1981. It includes his now famous line to Nancy Reagan—played convincingly by Penelope Ann Miller: “Honey, I forgot to duck.” That’s followed by the even funnier line to surgeons at George Washington University Hospital: “I hope you are all Republicans.” Those two comments endeared Reagan to many of his political opponents like Speaker Tip O’Neill—portrayed by Dan Lauria. The film shows O’Neill visiting Reagan in the hospital and later agreeing to stop talking politics at 6 p.m. when he and Reagan would discuss how to resolve their differences over drinks at the White House.

While recalling his childhood, his early acting career, and leading the Screen Actors Guild a good portion of the film centers on Reagan’s efforts to reduce the nuclear arsenals of the Soviet Union and United States. He responded to criticism for not meeting with a succession of Soviet leaders, saying “I would but they keep dying.” Eventually he meets with the reformist Michael Gorbachev, played by Olek Krupa.

Reagan’s insistence on pursuing his Strategic Defense Initiative—known as “Star Wars” to his critics—is rightly credited with contributing to the fall of the Soviet Union during the administration of his successor, George H.W. Bush.

The film gets Reagan’s toughness and convictions right, but it also displays something absent from so much of today’s politics…his sense of humor. YouTube has a collection of some of his better jokes. The producers also include how he treated even his adversaries with respect. One line that isn’t in the film but is an accurate depiction of his way of criticizing the beliefs of opponents without calling them names: “The trouble with our Liberal friends is not that they're ignorant; it's just that they know so much that isn't so.”

Unlike Meryl Streep’s portrayal of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in “The Iron Lady,” “Reagan” is more of a love note to a man who did great things for his country and the world. There could be no better epitaph for any political leader.

If you are under 40, you could learn something beyond what biased historians and the media have said about the man. If you are over 40 and lived through his presidency, you’ll be reminded of what real leadership looks like. And how one man, in collaboration with a British prime minister and a pope, helped bring freedom to millions in Eastern Europe while restoring the faith of many Americans in their country.

I’m Cal Thomas.

PAUL BUTLER, HOST: Tomorrow: A conversation with Daily Wire reporter and author Megan Basham on Culture Friday.

And, Listener Feedback for August. That and more tomorrow.

I’m Paul Butler.

MYRNA BROWN, HOST: And I’m Myrna Brown.

The World and Everything in It comes to you from WORLD Radio. WORLD’s mission is biblically objective journalism that informs, educates, and inspires.

Jesus said to his disciples: “Consider the ravens: they neither sow nor reap, they have neither storehouse nor barn, and yet God feeds them. Of how much more value are you than the birds! And which of you by being anxious can add a single hour to his span of life?”—Luke 12:24, 25

Go now in grace and peace.

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