The World and Everything in It - April 21, 2020

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Good morning!

U.S. troops are leaving Afghanistan and the Taliban is still there. We’ll talk about it.

MEGAN BASHAM, HOST: That’s ahead on Washington Wednesday.

Also, World Tour.

Plus the value of a job well done.

And we’ve heard of creeping secularism. These days, it's leaping secularism. World’s founder Joel Belz has some thoughts on that.

REICHARD: It’s Tuesday, April 21st. This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Mary Reichard.

BASHAM: And I’m Megan Basham. Good morning!

REICHARD: Now for the news with Paul Butler.

PAUL BUTLER, REPORTER: Chauvin awaits sentencing after guilty verdict » Former Minneapolis Officer Derek Chauvin is now in a county jail cell awaiting sentencing. He faces up to 75 years behind bars after a jury found him guilty on all charges Tuesday afternoon.

CAHILL: We the jury in the above entitled manner as to count one, unintentional second degree murder while committing a felony, find the defendant guilty.

The jury made up of six white and six black or multiracial people came back with its verdict after about 10 hours of deliberations over two days. The jury also found Chauvin guilty of third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter.

Judge Peter Cahill said Chauvin will be sentenced in eight weeks.

Floyd family members gathered at a Minneapolis conference room could be heard cheering after the verdict. And outside the courthouse, demonstrators also celebrated.

SOUND (crowd NATS): George Floyd! George Floyd!

After the jury made its decision, President Biden called the Floyd family and said of himself and Vice President Kamala Harris—“We’re so relieved.”

Three other former police officers who were at the scene when Derek Chauvin pinned his knee to George Floyd’s neck last May will stand trial in August. They are charged with aiding and abetting murder and manslaughter.

EU agency links J&J shot to rare clots, says odds favor use » Regulators in the European Union said Tuesday they’ve found a “possible link” between Johnson & Johnson’s coronavirus vaccine and extremely rare blood clots. WORLD’s Anna Johansen Brown reports.

ANNA JOHANSEN BROWN: The European Medicines Agency has recommended adding a warning label to the vaccine. But experts at the agency also reiterated that the vaccine’s benefits far outweigh the risks.

It said blood clotting should be considered a “very rare” side effect of the vaccine.

The EMA made its determination after looking at a half-dozen cases among some 7 million Americans who have received the J&J shots.

Johnson & Johnson immediately announced it will revise its label as requested and resume vaccine shipments to Europe.

In March, EU regulators recommended adding a similar warning label to AstraZeneca’s vaccine.

Reporting for WORLD, I’m Anna Johansen Brown.

Senate panel scrutinizes Georgia election reform laws »  The Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing Tuesday on voting rights, putting Georgia’s new election reform laws under the microscope.

Former Democratic gubernatorial candidate Stacey Abrams told lawmakers,

ABRAMS: Voters of color in Georgia were more likely than white voters to vote by mail for the first time in the last two election cycles.

She said Georgia Republicans knew that when they placed new rules on mail-in voting. Abrams complained that the laws shorten the window to request and return absentee ballot applications and add voter ID requirements to mail-in ballots.

The state already requires voter ID for in-person voting. Under the new rules, anyone returning a ballot by mail will have to provide their driver’s license or state issued ID number. Now voters who don’t have an ID will have other options, such as writing the last four digits of their social security number along with their date of birth on the ballot.

Republicans say they passed the new laws to address concerns about election security.

But Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin leveled this charge on Tuesday:

DURBIN: These new pieces of legislation may not involve literacy tests or counting the number of jellybeans in a jar like the original Jim Crow, but make no mistake, they are a deliberate effort to suppress voters of color.

GOP Congressman Burgess Owens of Utah, who testified at the hearing, fired back.

OWENS: True racism is this: this projection of Democratic Party on my proud race. It's called the soft bigotry of low expectations.

And he rejected the comparison to Jim Crow.

OWENS: It is disgusting and offensive to compare actual voter suppression and violence of that era that we grew up in with a state law that only asks that people show their ID.

Democrats during the hearing called for more federal oversight of state election laws.

Bill ending religious vaccine exemption now heads to Senate » And finally this morning, lawmakers in Connecticut’s state senate are set to consider a controversial bill that would end a long-standing religious exemption from vaccination requirements for kids in classrooms. WORLD’s Leigh Jones has that story.

LEIGH JONES, REPORTER: Many Democrats in the state House said it’s time to end the religious exemption. House Majority Leader Jason Rojas said the state has seen a steady rise in parents opting out of vaccine requirements on religious grounds, and he added, “We do not know when community immunity might be compromised.”

Some Connecticut Republicans argued the bill was an overreach, stepping on the religious freedoms of thousands.

But the Democratic-controlled House passed the bill after 16 hours of sometimes fiery debate.

That action came hours after an amendment passed that grandfathered in any students with an existing religious exemption.

Democratic Gov. Ned Lamont has said he will sign the legislation into law, if it passes in the state Senate.

Reporting for WORLD, I’m Leigh Jones.

And I’m Paul Butler.

Straight ahead: what’s next for Afghanistan.

Plus, Joel Belz on a remarkable recognition.

This is The World and Everything in It.

MEGAN BASHAM, HOST: It’s Wednesday the 21st of April, 2021.

Glad to have you along for today’s edition of The World and Everything in It. Good morning, I’m Megan Basham.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard.

First up: leaving Afghanistan.

Nearly 20 years ago, roughly a month after the Sept. 11th attacks, President George W. Bush addressed the nation from the White house.

BUSH: On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against al-Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.

That was the opening salvo in Afghanistan of what would become America’s longest war.

In 2011, roughly 100,000 U.S. servicemen and women were stationed there. That number is down to about 2,500.

REICHARD: There’s not much on which President Biden and former President Trump agree, but on this they are of the same mind:

Both believe it’s time for American troops to get out of Afghanistan.

BASHAM: President Trump had planned to bring all of them home by May 1st under a deal brokered with the Taliban.

President Biden is pushing that deadline back by several months. But he insists he is committed to bringing every troop home before the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.

But plenty of lawmakers on Capitol Hill and some top military commanders have disagreed with both presidents on the troop pullout.

REICHARD: Here to explain what the withdrawal might mean both in the short and long term is Clifford May. He is president and founder of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.

May spoke to World’s Kent Covington.

KENT COVINGTON: Clifford, thanks for joining us, and let’s just start by setting the scene in Afghanistan. Obviously, there’s an ongoing power struggle between the Afghan government and the Taliban. Is civil war the right term to describe the situation or is that too strong?

CLIFFORD MAY, GUEST: No, there's no question. There's a civil war. It's a low intensity conflict, although Afghan forces are and have been taking casualties at a steady rate. Americans have not been. We haven't had an American casualty in over a year, doesn't mean we couldn't have at another time. But again, the American mission—at one point, there were well over 100,000 foreign troops, American and NATO, in Afghanistan. But that stopped about 2014. Since then it's been an advise, train, and assist mission. That's what's going on now. So there is a civil war there. We are supporting the Afghan government side against the Taliban and Al Qaeda in that.

President Biden has announced that he wants that to end on September 11. On that date, I think we can rest assured that the Taliban and Al Qaeda will have two causes for celebration. One cause will be they will remember what al Qaeda did to us on 9/11 ‘01. They'll celebrate that. But they'll also celebrate that over 20 years of fighting, they have forced us to retreat to withdraw to accept defeat in Afghanistan, so they can go on and do what they would like to do. This will be very important—this will send a very important message to Islamic jihadists around the world. Not least to the jihadists, and that's how they think of themselves, in Iran, who now will know they have nothing to fear from President Biden, and that they can get the deal they want to get.

I think what we know from this is that our enemies around the world will take this to heart, will understand what this means in terms of U.S. resolve. And our friends will also understand what this means and try to think about who they need to cut deals with and how they may have to hedge their bets over the years to come.

COVINGTON: After all these years in Afghanistan, why have we not been able to help usher in a stable Afghan government?

MAY: Look, it's not an easy thing to do. We don't know a lot about how to do nation building. That’s not the hardest question. The harder question is, why were we not able to defeat the ragtag band of Taliban? Couple of reasons I would say for that. General H.R. McMaster, national security adviser, as you know, to President Trump would say that we haven't had a coherent military strategy. Instead of fighting a 20-year war, we fought a one-year war 20 times.

President Bush, I don't think wrongly, decided the Taliban needed to be toppled after he had hosted and assisted al Qaeda. But then his attention was elsewhere, mostly in Iraq. President Obama said this was a just war and an important war. But then he did strange things like—he said, well, I'm gonna have a surge, but that surge will end no matter what the conditions are in so many months. So the Taliban can know, okay, well, we just need to hunker down for a while these guys are coming in and then they're going. It's not really a problem for us.

President Trump kind of held fast but then he tried to develop a peace process with the Taliban, negotiating with the Taliban. I don't think that worked out very well either. But you know, we need post action reviews to learn from our mistakes. I think we can have a decent, reasonably decent government in Kabul, but it's not going to be Switzerland or even, you know, Costa Rica.

COVINGTON: Secretary of State Tony Blinken was interviewed Sunday on ABC’s This Week, and he said, “If the Taliban has any expectation of getting any international acceptance, of not being treated as a pariah, it's going to have to respect the rights of women and girls.” What do you make of that statement? Does that statement suggest that he believes the Taliban will become the dominant power there when the US military leaves?

MAY: That statement strikes me as mind boggling and delusional. If you understand who the Taliban are, if you understand what they believe and what they represent, the notion that they care about international approval; I mean, I want you to try to imagine the senior management meeting of the Taliban where they say, "Guys, we got to talk about this because, you know, if we keep throwing acid in the faces of little girls going to school, if we make women put them in full veils, I think there's going to be a lot of, you know, infidels, crusaders, Zionist heretics, and apostates who disapprove of us. And gosh, I'd feel awful about that, wouldn't you?" I mean, that's not gonna happen. How at this point can we not understand who these people are and the ideology, that theology to which they subscribe? I was so disappointed to see the Secretary of State say that. It is just sophomorically naive.

COVINGTON: Clifford, how much is known about the pushback both Presidents Trump and Biden got from the Pentagon about pulling out this year? And why?

MAY: I think what most of the security cabinet in certain Pentagon has said is we shouldn't leave Afghanistan completely. We should have a residual force there. If we don't, the jihadists will arise and resurrect again. And we should have learned a lesson from 2011 when President Obama ignored the advice of his national security cabinet and withdrew every troop we had in Iraq. He was warned that if he did that, the jihadists would regroup into a new force. That happened worse than anyone expected. What we got was what's called the Islamic State.

One of the reasons that President Biden was advised to keep a residual force in Afghanistan is to have a platform there. For the Indo-Pacific region where there are more than 20 US designated terrorist groups. If you're not there, it's very hard to maintain surveillance to have intelligence on them. And to hit them when necessary. Our intelligence assets need the protection of the military. So those two things go hand in hand. There is a reason why we have to, even today, we have troops in Germany. We have troops in Qatar and Kuwait, in Bahrain, Japan. We have troops in South Korea. They are there because being forward deployed, they can gather intelligence. They can hit her enemies when necessary. They can deter enemies to the extent possible. Bring them all back to Kansas and Fort Bragg and Fort Benning, and you really can't do any of that effectively.

COVINGTON: There are obviously plenty of people in Washington, and perhaps even at the Pentagon, who do agree with President Biden’s decision to pull out. And say sure, there are good reasons to keep troops there. But we can’t stay in Afghanistan forever, and the commander in chief has a great responsibility to the troops to end this at some point and bring them home and out of harm’s way. What do you say to that?

MAY: Don't forget what happened in Iraq. President Obama had to send troops back in. We had to go back in because the Islamic State was resurrected. We took more casualties, rather than fewer. We would have had fewer casualties had we left the residual force of elite troops in there as a stabilizing force. So for that reason alone, the protection of American troops, that's why we have our military planners saying it's best if we stay there. Again, not in huge numbers. But this is what our elite troops are trained to do.

We need the intelligence. We need to be able to hit our enemies when they're planning. If we find out before our intelligence that they're planning, say another 911 attack of some kind, let's get them there rather than hope that the FBI finds out about it when they're in the US and gets to arrest them and send them to Guantanamo and put them on trial another 10 or 15 or 20 years.

The war in Afghanistan will not end because we leave it. But our enemies will advance if we leave this front and leave the Afghan forces to fight this without our assistance, training, and advice. And part of what bothers me is if we just bug out, all the troops, all the soldiers who have sacrificed for that theater, they will have done it for nothing, no purpose. If we stay there, and maintain and proceed over time, then the sacrifices will be worth a lot more.

COVINGTON: Clifford May is president of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies. Clifford, thanks so much!

MAY: Thank you.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Coming up next on The World and Everything in It: WORLD Tour with our reporter in Africa. Here’s Onize Ohikere.

Chadian president dies in battle—We start today here in Africa.

MAN: SPEAKING FRENCH

A Chadian army spokesman announced the death of the country’s leader on Tuesday. President Idriss Deby Itno reportedly died after being wounded in a fight with rebels in the north of the country.

The surprise announcement came just one day after the country’s electoral commission declared Deby the winner of the April 11th election. That would have extended his three decades in power by another six years.

Deby survived multiple armed rebellions during his time in office. And he was a major French ally in the fight against Islamic extremism. Chad hosted a base for the French military and supplied troops for the peacekeeping effort in northern Mali.

But questions about the circumstances surrounding Deby’s death remain.

The army said a military council led by Deby’s 37-year-old son would replace him. Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno oversaw his father's security as head of the elite presidential guard.

Tens of thousands flee attacks in Nigeria—Next we go to Nigeria.

SOUND: CROWD NOISES, SHOUTING, TALKING

Jihadist attacks in northeastern Nigeria have forced tens of thousands of people to flee their homes. The United Nations says as many as 65-thousand people left the city of Damasak last week.

Babar Baloch is a spokesman for UNHCR, the UN refugee agency.

BALOCH: Up to 80 per cent of the town's population—which includes the local community and internally displaced people as well—were forced to flee. Assailants looted and burned down private homes, warehouses of humanitarian agencies, a police station, a clinic and also a UNHCR facility.

Fighters from the so-called Islamic State West Africa Province are behind the attacks. The terror group split from Boko Haram in 2016.

But Nigeria's army dismissed claims that militants have overrun Damasak.

MAN: SPEAKING KANURI

The governor of Borno state urged residents to return home in a show of unity and courage. The military claims government troops are in control of the area.

Rwandan genocide report—Next we go to Rwanda.

MAN: SPEAKING FRENCH

A new report commissioned by the Rwandan government has concluded France “bears significant responsibility” for enabling the country’s 1994 genocide.

The report labels France a “collaborator” in the systematic killing of 800-thousand people.

At the time, France was providing critical military and political support to the Rwandan regime to protect its own strategic interests in Africa. The report claims France knew Hutu leaders planned to slaughter the Tutsi minority but did nothing to stop them.

A U.S. law firm conducted the investigation. It relied on millions of pages of documents and interviews with more than 250 witnesses.

A separate report commissioned by French President Emmanuel Macron concluded France bore “overwhelming responsibilities” for the genocide. But it stopped short of calling French officials complicit.

Looming humanitarian crisis in St. Vincent—And finally, we end today in the Caribbean.

SOUND: PEOPLE UNLOADING CARGO

A French navy ship docked in St. Vincent last week, bringing 75 tons of humanitarian aid. The island continues to struggle with power and water shortages after a volcano erupted on April 9th.

Nearly one-fifth of the residents of St. Vincent and the Grenadines had to leave their homes. The number of people crowding into shelters is growing.

Officials say they don’t know how long the crisis will last. The volcano continues to spew clouds of ash and smoke every day. Officials warn the effects could spread to neighboring islands, including Barbados, Antigua, and Barbuda.

That’s this week’s World Tour. Reporting for WORLD, I’m Onize Ohikere in Abuja, Nigeria.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Up in Alaska, an entrepreneur is giving customers a way to fight back against the coronavirus. More than that! They can beat up the virus!

Carolina Tolladay Vidal sells handmade piñatas out of her home. Her latest creation is a pinata in the shape of the Covid-19 virus!

VIDAL: When it comes to COVID-19 for sure, I think you smash them and break them and hit them with a meaning!

Eight-year-old Rose Consenstein took that to heart and let loose a whole lot of pent up frustration. Here’s what she told Alaska Public Media:

CONSENSTEIN: Well, I just felt like beating the heck out of a COVID piñata.

Apparently, quite a few people have some pandemic frustration to let out. As soon as Vidal posted pictures of the piñatas on Instagram, the orders started rolling in.

MEGAN BASHAM, HOST: Oh, I can think of so many applications for this idea!

I’ll bet you can! It’s The World and Everything in It.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: Today is Wednesday, April 21st.

Thank you for turning to WORLD Radio to help start your day.

Good morning. I’m Mary Reichard.

MEGAN BASHAM, HOST: And I’m Megan Basham.

Coming next on The World and Everything in It: Keeping it clean.

This country has around 380,000 churches. They don’t clean themselves; someone has to do it. Custodians and janitors are responsible for that task; they scrub, dust, vacuum, and now, even prevent the spread of disease.

But there’s more to the work than the physical. World correspondent Liz Rieth stopped by a church and discovered a custodian who sees the spiritual aspect of his job.

SOUND: ROLLING MOP BUCKET

LIZ RIETH, CORRESPONDENT: It’s 5 o’clock on a Wednesday night. But Charlie Holliday’s work day has just begun. Holliday grabs his rolling mop bucket prepping for the next five hours of cleaning. He has dozens of windows to wash, two floors to sweep and mop, and endless spider webs to bat down.

Holliday is the custodian at Holy Trinity Lutheran Church in Muncie, Indiana. Most of the 200 members of his church never see who makes their building spotless.

HOLLIDAY: They don’t see that. They don’t stop and realize who cleaned the bathrooms after we left? Who cleaned the offices? Who emptied the trash? Who does the vacuuming? Who strips and waxes the floors? Who cleans the windows. I mean there’s so much that you do that the average person doesn’t want to do it.

But Holliday is no average person. The Muncie native is a self-proclaimed clean freak.

HOLLIDAY: I think my mom started it because when me and my sister were growing up, my mom always made us clean the house on the weekends. So we weren’t like a lot of kids that got to go out and play on the weekend. We were busy cleaning house.

He has loved cleaning since he was a kid, when he spent his weekends tidying the house with mom. Those skills came in handy after high school, when he joined the military and made extra cash doing other’s laundry and chores.

After 21 years in the military, Holliday retired to Kentucky. He returned to Muncie when his mom’s health took a turn.

Holliday considers moving home one of the best decisions of his life. Because here, he discovered a job he loves.

HOLLIDAY: People used to tell me, “You’re a cleaning fanatic, you’re a nut.” And I’m like, “I just like everything to be clean.”

He likes it so much he has a hard time putting down his mop.

Jennifer Sanderfer is the church office manager: She makes Holliday’s cleaning assignments. And she says he always cleans more than what’s on the list.

SANDERFER: He’s very friendly, likes to talk, but he’s very helpful. All you have to do is make a suggestion that something needs to happen and when you come in the next morning, it’s done.

If Holliday finishes his cleaning to-dos early, he searches the church for new projects. Recently, it was adding a new coat of paint and putting up shelves in the music storage room.

Sanderfer says his work ethic demonstrates that he feels fulfilled by what he does.

Being a custodian is a high calling to Holliday. He says no organization would run without his role.

HOLLIDAY: You just have to, you have to love what you do. Like I said, there’s not a task here that seems more important to me than any of the others.

Since the pandemic, his job has become even more vital. He’s not just mopping hallways or scrubbing stove tops, he’s sanitizing children’s toys and wiping down pews.

SOUND: CLEANING STOVE

So far, more than 10,000 people in Delaware County have tested positive for COVID-19, but a much lower percentage of Holy Trinity church members have reported contracting the virus. Holliday believes he's played a part in that.

To him, the nearly 30 hours of work each week are about defending and serving his brothers and sisters in Christ.

HOLLIDAY: This is the janitor’s room, or custodian, whatever you want to call it. We have a little bit of everything in here. Like in the summer time we’ll put those air conditioners back in for the pastor, and for Jenny’s office. During the winter we take them out. It’s really not my job, but I do that anyway.

Holliday feels most rewarded for his work when others notice, like when members give him baked goods or hand-written notes.

HOLLIDAY: When I hear the compliments from other people about what they see is being done, that’s worth more money than anyone could ever pay me.

This encouragement began the moment Holliday stepped foot in the church five years ago, after his mom died. Church members prayed with him and provided meals.

HOLLIDAY: I mean, it came in a time of my life—when I started working here—that I wouldn’t have cared if they even gave me a paycheck because people were praying for me. They understood my situation.

For Holliday, this was the start of an unexpected blessing. He’ s found a family at the church.

HOLLIDAY: And they don’t look at me like their custodian. They don’t look at me as their janitor. I am just one of the group. It touches me.

For WORLD Radio, I’m Liz Rieth reporting from Muncie, Indiana.

MEGAN BASHAM, HOST: Today is Wednesday, April 21st. Good morning! This is The World and Everything in It from listener-supported WORLD Radio. I’m Megan Basham.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard. WORLD founder Joel Belz now looks at one way to gauge the health of the nation.

JOEL BELZ, FOUNDER: Want an example of our culture’s quick slide into secularism? Go back just 22 years and re-read Time magazine’s notable decision to augment its long-popular Man-of-the-Year by featuring in its place a Man-of-the-Millennium.

Time’s editors boldly featured Johannes Gutenberg as the individual who most shaped our world’s culture during the years between 1000 and 1999.

Such a choice would, of course, be virtually unthinkable these days. In today’s climate, even a fleeting reference to a “Gutenberg Bible” would stir an unconquerable fuss.

Back in 1999, the folks at Time audaciously suggested that the uniqueness of the Bible was precisely what catapulted Gutenberg and his Bible onto a best-seller mode in many parts of the world. Nothing like it had ever been seen. Superficial historians like to promote the idea that technology was the key that produced such widespread acceptance. But the richness and reality of Gutenberg’s contribution to world culture is so much more than just a machine.

To be sure, a sovereign God was working out a scenario—through Johannes Gutenberg—that included several strands of technology. Besides the printing press, Gutenberg focused intensely on three other developments: new kinds of paper, new kinds of ink, and the explosive use of moveable type.

Prior to Gutenberg, Bibles were printed on European presses—but at a turtle’s pace. Each page came from a block of wood, tediously carved in a reverse image. The wood blocks were secured in the bed of the press, inked, and then fitted with a sheet of paper or vellum. The enormous pressure necessary for a good image sometimes cracked the blocks. That stop production while the printer waited for a replacement.

Gutenberg’s greatest technological contribution was his insight that a combination of metal letters, locked into a frame and placed face-up on the bed of the press, provided a much more versatile tool for printing the hundreds of pages that Bible production required. The type used for one page could be sorted into handy cases and then re-used for the next page—still a tedious process, but nothing like carving wooden blocks. And as a former professional jeweler, Gutenberg was savvy to the makeup of various metals, and introduced the use of alloys that strengthened the quality and durability of the type he introduced to a worldwide audience.

But profound as all those technical developments may have been, they were not Gutenberg’s main contribution. There’s little or no particular evidence that he was as progressive in his theological outlook as those who, like Luther and Calvin, came less than a century later. But he apparently had the good sense to feel the role that printed Bibles might play in the cultural explosion of the coming Reformation. And he was faithful in applying that insight to his life calling.

Only a big cultural stretch would allow us to predict that Time magazine today might nominate as its “Person-of-the-Year” someone whose influence was this profoundly shaped by Biblical values. Not at all difficult to anticipate? The harshness of our society’s response if Time magazine did just that.

I'm Joel Belz.

MEGAN BASHAM, HOST: Tomorrow: tracking vaccine reactions. We’ll tell you about potential problems with logging COVID vaccine data.

And, we’ll take a moment to listen to the sounds of God’s amazing creation.

That and more tomorrow.

I’m Megan Basham.

MARY REICHARD, HOST: And I’m Mary Reichard.

The World and Everything in It comes to you from WORLD Radio.

WORLD’s mission is Biblically objective journalism that informs, educates, and inspires.

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Go now in grace and peace.

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